peace and blessings be upon him, cursed the seller of khamr.” One of the Companions sold khamr, and when news of this reached ʿUmar, he said:

“May Allah confound so-and-so! Did he not know that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘Allah cursed the Jews: animal fats were forbidden to them, yet they sold them and consumed the proceeds’?”

That Companion did not know that selling it was forbidden. Yet ʿUmar’s knowledge of his ignorance did not prevent him from explaining the punishment for this sin, so that he and others would refrain from it once they learned of its prohibition.

The Prophet also cursed the one who presses it and the one who has it pressed. Yet many jurists permit a man to press grapes for another person even when he knows that the latter intends to make khamr from them. This is an explicit text cursing the one who presses it, although we know that the ruling does not apply to an excused person because an impediment prevents its application.

Likewise, in several authentic hadiths, he cursed the woman who attaches hair extensions and the woman who has them attached. Yet some jurists merely regard this as disliked.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“Whoever drinks from silver vessels is only gulping the fire of Hell into his belly.”

Yet some jurists regard this as disliked rather than forbidden.

Likewise, he said, peace and blessings be upon him:

“When two Muslims confront one another with their swords, both the killer and the one killed are in the Fire.”

This hadith must be applied in establishing the prohibition of fighting believers