37 - Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Bāqī (1) informed us; Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan reported to us; al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad narrated to us; Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh (2) informed us; Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā (3) reported to us; al-Qaʿnabī narrated to us; Mālik, from Abū al-Zinād, from al-Aʿraj, from Abū Hurayrah, who said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“Angels take turns among you—angels of the night and angels of the day. They meet at the Fajr prayer and at the ʿAṣr prayer. Then those who spent the night with you ascend, and your Lord—although He knows best—asks them, ‘In what state did you leave My servants?’ They reply: ‘We left them (4) while they were praying, and we arrived to them while they were praying.’”
(Agreed upon) (5).
(1) In other manuscripts: “Muhammad” only.
(2) In other manuscripts: “Abu Sahl ibn Ziyad,” which is his kunya and his grandfather’s name.
(3) In other manuscripts: “al-Burti” instead of “ibn ‘Isa.”
(4) Variant found in other manuscripts.
(5) This hadith is transmitted by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Mawaqit (chapter: The Virtue of the ‘Asr Prayer, no. 555, 2/33) and in Kitab al-Tawhid (chapter on the verse “The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him,” no. 7429), as well as in the chapter on the Lord’s Conversation with Gabriel and God’s Summoning of the Angels (no. 7486), with commentary in Fath al-Bari 13/415, 13/461; by Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid (chapter: The Virtue of the Fajr and ‘Asr Prayers and Preserving Them, no. 632, 1/439); by al-Nasa’i in Kitab al-Salah (chapter: The Virtue of Congregational Prayer, 1/194); by Ahmad in his Musnad (2/257, 312, 486); by Malik in al-Muwatta (chapter: Gathering for Prayer, no. 82, 1/170); and by Ibn Khuzayma in al-Tawhid (p. 117). Ibn al-Atir, in Nihayat al-‘Iqd 3/203, explains “Dhū al-Ma‘ārij” (Possessor of the Ascending Ways) as the angels’ stairways to the heavens. Al-Farrā’, in al-Lisan, defines “ta‘ruju” (ascend) as rising and likewise interprets al-ma‘ārij in 70:3 (“From Allah, Possessor of the Ascending Ways”) as these heavenly paths. Since ascent implies movement from lower to higher, this affirms Allah’s exalted station in the heavens. Any assertion that He is not in the heavens—claiming instead that He is everywhere or in no place—contradicts the clear textual evidence, sound reason, and the methodology of the salaf.