to Him (1). And Allah the Exalted says, “The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him” (2); and He said to Jesus, “I will take you and raise you up to Me” (3); and He, Most High, says, “Rather, Allah raised him up to Himself” (4); and He says, “He is the Subduer, above His servants” (5); and, “They fear their Lord above them” (6). He also relates that Pharaoh said: “O Haman, build me a lofty tower so that I may reach the means—the means of the heavens—then look upon the God of Moses, for indeed I think him a liar” (7), that is, I think Moses is lying (in claiming that Allah, his God, is in the heaven) (8).
The one who disputes this matter (has denied it) (9) asserts—categorically (10) and with certainty—that Moses was lying about it, thereby opposing the Lord of all the worlds, declaring His truthful and trustworthy Prophet to be in error, and abandoning the path of the Companions, the Followers, the early imams, and the rest of creation (11). We ask Allah the Exalted, by His mercy, to safeguard us from innovation and to grant us success in following His sunnah.
(1) Surah as-Sajdah, verse 5.
(2) Surah al-Ma‘ārij, verse 4.
(3) Surah Āl ‘Imrān, verse 55.
(4) Surah an-Nisā’, verse 158.
(5) Surah al-An‘ām, verse 18.
(6) Surah an-Naḥl, verse 50.
(7) Surah Ghāfir, verses 36–37.
(8) This is how it appears in the original; in the other manuscripts it reads “that He has a god in the heavens.”
(9) The text within parentheses does not appear in any copy other than the original.
(10) The word “al-qaṭ‘” is not found in the original.
(11) Imam Ibn Qudāmah intends to show that the denial of God’s presence in heaven was first advanced by Pharaoh when he rejected Muṣā’s call to faith in God and to His presence in the heavens. Whoever echoes Pharaoh’s stance among this Ummah has thereby denied Muṣā, let alone denied the Lord of the worlds—Who has expressly declared His presence in the heavens in numerous indications—and has likewise rejected the Messenger of God ﷺ and abandoned the path of the Companions, the Successors, the early imams, and all creation. By this critique he alludes to the scholars’ unanimous assertion that belief in God’s presence in the heavens is an innate disposition (fiṭrah) with which all creatures are endowed. The proof of that innate disposition, to which he refers, has already been elucidated.
Imam Ibn al-Qayyim attributed certain distortions in the texts concerning God’s transcendence (ʿuluww) to those who deny it, so as to align them with the denial of Pharaoh—Pharaoh being their guide in arrogance and negation. See: Al-Sawāʾiq al-Munazzalah 1/107. And, as Imam Ibn Taymiyyah states: “…and Pharaoh is the exemplar of the deniers; hence the scholars of negation openly declare themselves in agreement with him, as do the Jihmiyyah of absolute negation—since Pharaoh denied God’s transcendence, denied Muṣā on that point, and denied God’s speech to Muṣā.” (Majmū‘ al-Fatāwā 5/172). The interpretations of the Tafsīr commentators amount to a blatant distortion—their essence being sheer negation—because their position implies that the Qur’ān and Sunnah convey nothing but misguidance and that their own reasoning is more reliable than divine revelation. How great is the falsehood that issues from their mouths!