Thus the truth of this question has, praise be to Allah, been set forth with irrefutable proofs, resplendent Qur’anic verses, mass-transmitted reports, and the consensus of the Companions—testified to in their poetry and their prose, in the words of their scholars as well as their laymen. They narrated the sunnah on this matter, welcomed it, believed in it, and affirmed what it contained; none of them rejected it, nor did anyone object to it. Thereafter, generation after generation upheld it, until the two Imams, Abū Zur‘ah and Abū Ḥātim, declared: “This is the way upon which we found the scholars of every land—Ḥijāz, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen. None has opposed it except a fanatical innovator or a misguided deviant.”
The first, to the best of our knowledge, to dispute it was al-Jahm ibn Ṣafwān. The leading scholars and foremost jurists censured him and his followers, deeming their words and their innovation outrageous. Yet even the Jahmiyyah are compelled to agree with the Muslims at large in raising their hands when supplicating, in awaiting relief from heaven (1), in saying subḥāna rabbī al-aʿlā (“Glory be to my Lord, the Most High”), and in reciting the passages of Allah’s Speech and the sunnah of His chosen Messenger that indicate the same. They continue to hear from the sunnah what strikes their heads and saddens their hearts, and from the common Muslims in their markets and conversations what infuriates them; they can offer no rebuttal, nor can they escape hearing it.
For their innovation they possess no proof from the Book, nor from the sunnah, nor from any Companion’s statement, nor from any accepted Imam. They have nothing but the following of whims and opposition to the sunnah of the Chosen One and the Imams of right guidance. Whoever Allah enables to tread His straight path, to follow His truthful and trustworthy Prophet, to emulate the radiant Companions, and to be content with what the Imams of the Muslims and the generality of believers have accepted—such a person spares himself in this world from opposing the Muslims, and in the Hereafter from painful punishment. Allah will grant him a tremendous reward, guide him to the straight path, and bless him with the company of the prophets and the people of the right hand, as evidenced by Allah’s statement