takes part in the act, not one who is tied down so that it may be done to her. Moreover, this was the familiar practice concerning which the Quran was revealed. Thus, this verse concerns committing an indecent act, while that verse concerns coming under the rule of the disbelievers; both involve actions.

Muslim narrated in his Sahīh that Jābir said: “ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl used to say to a slave girl of his, ‘Go and earn us something through prostitution.’” He said: “Then Allah Most High revealed:

‘Do not compel your slave girls to prostitution.’”

The verse continues. [Sūrat al-Nūr 24:33]

According to another narration, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy had a slave girl named Musayka and another named Umayma, whom he sought to force into unlawful sexual intercourse. They complained of this to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and Allah revealed this verse.

Al-Bukhārī also cited what al-Layth narrated from Nāfiʿ: Safiyya bint Abī ʿUbayd informed him that a slave belonging to the authorities had intercourse with a slave girl from the one-fifth share of the spoils, forcibly deflowering her. ʿUmar subjected him to the prescribed punishment of flogging and banished him