they safeguard their lives and property from me, except by due right, and their reckoning is with Allah.”

For this reason, a person’s sales, purchases, and other financial contracts are not valid when made under wrongful coercion; nor are his marriage, divorce, or other marital contracts, his oaths and vows, or any other agreements into which he is wrongfully coerced. This differs from rightful coercion, as in the case of a debt, when a person is obliged to sell his property to repay it.

Likewise, it is reported in the Sahīh that Abū Hurayrah said:

“While we were with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came out to us and said, ‘Let us go to the Jews.’ We went with him until we reached their house of study. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood and called out to them, saying, ‘O Jews, embrace Islam and you will be safe.’

“They replied, ‘You have conveyed the message, Abū al-Qāsim.’ He said, ‘That is what I want.’ He then repeated his words a second time, and they replied, ‘You have conveyed the message, Abū al-Qāsim.’

“He then spoke a third time, saying, ‘Know that the land belongs to Allah and His Messenger, and that I intend to expel you from this land. Whoever among you can obtain a price for his property should sell it. Otherwise, know that the land belongs to Allah and His Messenger.’”