Thus, “face” encompasses the one who turns (mutawajjih, with an i vowel on the j), the one toward whom one turns (mutawajjah ilayh, with an a vowel on the j), and the act of turning itself. Thus one may ask, “Which way do you intend?”—meaning, “Which direction or quarter are you heading toward?” This is because the two are inseparable: wherever a person turns, his face turns, and the direction of his face necessarily entails his turning that way. This applies both inwardly and outwardly, making four aspects. The inward is the foundation, while the outward is its completion and visible sign. When a person’s heart turns toward something, his outward face follows it.

When the servant’s purpose, desire, and orientation are directed toward Allah, his will and intention are sound. If, along with this, he does good, then he has combined