He has forbidden, or that combine what is prescribed with what is prohibited. Those of the third group often engage in fighting contrary to the fighting they have been commanded to undertake, or fighting that combines what is commanded with what is prohibited.

In each of these three categories—what is commanded, what is prohibited, and what combines the two—the person concerned may have a good intention, may be following his desires, or may combine both.

There are thus nine categories concerning these matters and the funds spent on them: state funds, including fay revenues and other funds; endowed funds; bequeathed funds; funds pledged by vows; and various kinds of gifts, charitable donations, and grants.

All this involves mingling truth with falsehood and mixing righteous deeds with evil ones. As for the evil involved, the person responsible may have acted mistakenly or forgetfully and be forgiven, like a scholar who errs in exercising independent judgment, yet receives a reward and is forgiven his error; and it may