and gave so that people would say, “He is generous and open-handed.” These three, who seek to be seen and praised by others, stand in contrast to the three ranks that follow the prophets: the steadfastly truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous. Whoever learns the knowledge with which Allah sent His messengers and teaches it seeking Allah’s countenance is among the steadfastly truthful. Whoever fights so that Allah’s word may be supreme and is killed is a martyr. Whoever gives charity seeking Allah’s countenance is among the righteous.

For this reason, someone who neglects his duties concerning his wealth asks to return to this world at the moment of death. As Ibn ʿAbbās, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “Whoever is given wealth but neither performs Hajj with it nor pays zakah asks to return at the moment of death.” He then recited the words of Allah Most High:

“And spend