al-Khattābī, and all those who established the temporal origination of the world through the temporal origination of accidents, such as Abū al-Hasan al-Ashʿarī, Judge Abū Bakr ibn al-Bāqillānī, Abū al-Wafāʾ ibn ʿAqīl, and others who followed this method of establishing the temporal origination of the world, which the Muʿtazilah had devised before them. This is also the view of many ancient and later philosophers, such as Ibn Sīnā and others.

What is explicitly reported from Imam Ahmad is that he rejected the denial of this. It has not been established that he affirmed the term “motion,” although he affirmed certain forms that someone who affirms motion might subsume under the general category of motion. For when he heard someone narrating the hadith of the descent and saying, “He descends without motion