the one who has succumbed to trials, whose heart is described as being like a tipped-over jug in the hadith of Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamān, may Allah be pleased with him, in the two Sahīh collections: “Trials are presented to hearts as a mat is laid out”—to the end of the hadith. Here, two groups of people fall into error.

One group neglects the duty of enjoining right and forbidding wrong through a mistaken interpretation of this verse. As Abū Bakr al-Siddīq, may Allah be pleased with him, said in his sermon: “O people, you recite this verse: ‘Take care of yourselves. Those who go astray will not harm you if you are rightly guided.’ (Surah al-Mā’idah, 105) Yet you apply it incorrectly. I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: ‘When people see wrongdoing and do not change it, Allah may soon afflict them all with a punishment from Him.’”