and those in one’s ownership; and being just in word and deed. They must also encourage noble character, such as maintaining ties with those who sever ties with you, giving to those who withhold from you, and pardoning those who wrong you.

Enjoining right likewise includes calling for harmony and unity, forbidding discord and division, and other such matters.

As for the wrong that Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, the gravest is associating partners with Allah: invoking another deity alongside Allah, such as the sun, the moon, the stars, an angel, a prophet, a righteous person, one of the jinn, images of these beings, their graves, or anything else that is invoked besides Allah Most High, called upon for help, or prostrated to. All this and the like constitute the association of partners with Allah, which He has forbidden through all His messengers.

Wrong includes everything Allah has forbidden, such as taking a life without right and consuming people’s wealth unjustly through usurpation, usury, gambling, or sales and transactions forbidden by the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. It likewise includes severing ties of kinship, mistreating parents, giving short measure and weight, sin and transgression, as well as innovated acts of worship that Allah and His Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, have not prescribed, and other such matters.

Gentleness is the way to enjoin right and forbid wrong.