concerning whom Allah says:
“Whoever among the factions disbelieves in it, the Fire is his promised destination.” [Surah Hūd 17]

Allah Most High said to His Prophet:
“So to this invite, and remain steadfast as you have been commanded. Do not follow their desires, but say, ‘I believe in whatever Scripture Allah has revealed, and I have been commanded to judge justly between you.’” [Surah al-Shūrā 15]

Justice means putting everything in its proper place, just as injustice means putting something where it does not belong.

Thus, when the Magian Persians and the Christian Romans fought one another, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—was then in Mecca with a small group of those who believed in him. He and his Companions wanted the Romans to prevail because they were People of the Book. The polytheists, however, wanted the Persians to prevail because they were like themselves, not People of the Book. Concerning this, Allah revealed:
“Alif Lām Mīm. The Romans have been defeated in the nearest land.” [Surah al-Rūm 12]

The account is well known in the works of hadith, Quranic commentary, and the Prophet’s military campaigns.

Since this is so, a man may follow a profoundly evil way, then turn to one that is less evil and closer to good. That way is then commended and praised because it is a praiseworthy way of goodness. For example, all injustice is forbidden and blameworthy. Its gravest form is associating partners with Allah, for associating partners with Him is indeed a tremendous injustice, and Allah does not forgive the association of partners with Him. Its intermediate form is wronging other people through oppression and aggression. Its least severe form is a person’s wronging himself in matters between himself and Allah. Thus, if a man is a polytheist and disbeliever, then embraces Islam inwardly and outwardly, such that