among the leading early Muslims—the Companions and Successors, including Abd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, Abd Allāh ibn Umar, Abd Allāh ibn Abbās, Jābir ibn Abd Allāh, and others—is their condemnation and rejection of singing. This is also reported from the leading Successors.

The same is true of the leading Muslim scholars who came after them within the first three generations. Indeed, Zakariyyā ibn Yahyā al-Sājī, in his book recording the scholarly consensus and disagreements, stated that they agreed in disapproving of it, with only two exceptions: Ibrāhīm ibn Saʿd of Medina and Ubayd ibn al-Hasan al-Anbarī of Basra.

As for their attribution of its permissibility to Mālik and all the people of the Hijaz, this is among the gravest of errors. The people of the Hijaz disapproved of and condemned it, and Mālik himself did not