based on the words of devils concerning the foundations of religion. He also related a false account concerning Imām Ahmad on this matter, which he included in al-Mankhūl, saying: “A man may believe something to be evidence when it is not, as is related.”

The answer to this is that the jinn include both believers and disbelievers, as the Quran indicates. This can be known from the condition of the possessed person and from indications upon which knowledgeable people may base their judgment. If the jinn is known to be a believer, this resembles what Allah recounts in the Quran about the jinn believing in the Quran, as well as the reports of unseen voices found in the Prophet’s biography.

Ibrāhīm al-Khawwās was among the foremost men who experienced extraordinary occurrences. He thus knew that this jinn was a believer when he related this account to condemn those who say that the Quran is created.