these people, as He says concerning the Jews:

“Rather, Allah has sealed their hearts because of their disbelief.”
[Surah al-Nisāʾ 144]

He has described them in terms similar to those He used to describe their enemy Pharaoh, saying:

“And We declared to the Children of Israel in the Scripture: ‘You will surely cause corruption on earth twice, and you will surely rise to great heights of arrogance.’”
[Surah al-Isrāʾ 4]

Thus He described them as spreading corruption on earth and behaving arrogantly, just as Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and divided its people into factions, oppressing a group among them, slaughtering their sons and sparing their women. Indeed, he was one of those who spread corruption.
[Surah al-Qasas]

He concluded the surah with His words:

“That home of the Hereafter We assign to those who desire neither exalted status on earth nor corruption. And the ultimate outcome is for the righteous.”
[Surah al-Qasas 83]

This is among the indications that His words,

“Those who dispute concerning Allah’s signs”
[Surah Ghāfir 35]

form the subject of a new sentence, rather than standing in apposition to His words,

“one who is a transgressor and a doubter.”
Surah Ghāfir 34

For He, glorified be He, described the one group differently from the other. That this begins a new sentence is further supported by His saying in the other verse:

“Those who dispute concerning Allah’s signs without any authority having come to them.”

And before this verse He said:

“None dispute concerning Allah’s signs except those who disbelieve.”
[Surah Ghāfir 4]

Yet it may be said that the two characteristics—doubt and disputation without knowledge—can coexist, as they do in many groups, just as anger and misguidance can coexist.