heaven is without specifying how, without likening Him to creation, and without reinterpretation. Whoever denies His descent or reinterprets it is a misguided innovator.”

He then cited their statements concerning divine decree. Abū al-Qāsim said: “I heard Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Sulamī say: ‘I heard Abū ʿUthmān al-Maghribī, when asked about created beings, say: “Bodily frames and forms upon which the decrees of divine power take effect.”’”

He said: “Al-Wāsitī said: ‘Just as spirits and bodies subsist through Allah and came into existence through Him, not through themselves, so too thoughts and movements subsist through Allah, not through themselves, for thoughts and movements arise from bodies and spirits.’”

Abū al-Qāsim said: “With these words, he explicitly affirmed that the acts acquired by servants are created by Allah. Just as there is no creator of substances except Allah, so there is no creator of accidents except Allah.”

What he said is correct and is agreed upon among the shaykhs. None of them is known to have denied any of the foundational teachings of the Sunnah concerning divine decree.