Al-IstiqamaIbn Taimiya

as near, not distant.

In the two Sahīh collections, Abū Mūsā reports that when the Prophet’s companions began raising their voices in declaring Allah’s greatness, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
“O people, take it easy! You are not calling upon one who is deaf or absent. You are calling upon One who is All-Hearing and Near. The One upon whom you call is nearer to each of you than the neck of his mount.”

Rather, He must be described as exalted and manifest, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said in the authentic hadith:
“You are the Manifest, and nothing is above You; You are the Hidden, and nothing is nearer than You.”

Allah the Exalted says:
“And He is the Most High, the Most Great.”
[Surah al-Baqarah 255]

Had he said, “He is the Most High, the Near,” that would have been good and correct. Likewise, had he said, “Near in His exaltedness, exalted in His nearness.”

But describing Him as “the Near, the Far” has no basis. Rather, it describes Him with a beautiful name and its opposite, just as if one were to say, “the High, the Low,” “the Generous, the Miserly,” or “the Merciful, the Hardhearted,” and the like. To Allah the Exalted belong the most beautiful names. The error arises only

بِالْقربِ دون الْبعد وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَن أبي مُوسَى عَن النَّبِي صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم أَنه قَالَ لأَصْحَابه لما جعلُوا يرفعون أَصْوَاتهم بِالتَّكْبِيرِ أَيهَا النَّاس اربعوا على أَنفسكُم فَإِنَّكُم لَا تدعون أَصمّ وَلَا غَائِبا إِنَّمَا تدعون سميعا قَرِيبا إِن الَّذِي تَدعُونَهُ أقرب إِلَى أحدكُم من عنق رَاحِلَته وَإِنَّمَا الْوَاجِب أَن يُوصف بالعلو والظهور كَمَا قَالَ النَّبِي صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم فِي الحَدِيث الصَّحِيح أَنْت الظَّاهِر فَلَيْسَ فَوْقك شئ وَأَنت الْبَاطِن فَلَيْسَ دُونك شئ وَقَالَ تَعَالَى وَهُوَ الْعلي الْعَظِيم [سُورَة الْبَقَرَة ٢٥٥] فَلَو قَالَ هُوَ الْعلي الْقَرِيب كَانَ حسنا صَوَابا وَكَذَلِكَ لَو قَالَ قريب فِي علوه عَليّ فِي دنوه فَأَما وَصفه بِأَن الْقَرِيب الْبعيد فَلَا أصل لَهُ بل هُوَ وصف بأسم حسن وبضده كَمَا لَو قيل العلى السافل اَوْ الْجواد الْبَخِيل اَوْ الرَّحِيم القاسي وَنَحْو ذَلِك وَالله تَعَالَى لَهُ الْأَسْمَاء الْحسنى وَإِنَّمَا يُؤْتِي

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