Weak. It was narrated by al-Nasāʾī (2/316), al-Hākim (1/532), and Ahmad as well (3/38), through Darrāj Abū al-Samh, from Abū al-Haytham, from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said the words quoted above. Al-Hākim said, “Its chain is authentic,” and al-Dhahabī concurred with him! This is one of his astonishing lapses, for Darrāj was deemed weak. Al-Dhahabī himself included him in al-Duafāʾ and said: “Abū Hātim deemed him weak. Ahmad said, ‘His hadiths are objectionable.’” In al-Mīzān, he cited through this chain several hadiths for which Darrāj had been criticized, including: “Remember Allah so often that people say, ‘He is mad.’” It is documented in Silsilat al-Ahādīth al-Daʿīfah under number (517). I know that al-Dhahabī challenged al-Hākim’s authentication of this chain more than once in connection with hadiths other than this one. One example is the hadith: “When you see a man frequenting the mosque, bear witness to his faith.…” Al-Dhahabī said (1/212): “I say: Darrāj narrates many objectionable reports.”

349 — (He (peace and blessings be upon him) would often say in his prayer: “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from sin and indebtedness (debt).” He was asked, “Why do you so often seek refuge from debt, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied: “When a man goes into debt (borrows), he speaks falsely and makes promises that he fails to keep.” Al-Bukhārī.) p. 258

Authentic. It was narrated by al-Bukhārī (1/214), Muslim as well (2/93), al-Nasāʾī (1/193), and Ahmad (6/89, 244), from Āʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her):

“The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to supplicate during prayer: ‘O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave; I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah; and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from sin and indebtedness!’ She said: Someone asked him, ‘How often you seek refuge from debt!’ He then replied with the words quoted above.”