and the shortening of the ritual prayers and the option of either fasting or breaking the fast while travelling.

19 – When on a journey, the obligatory prayers are to be shortened, and the traveller is free to choose between fasting and breaking the fast: if he wishes, he may fast, and if he wishes, he may break his fast.

The unanimity of the past Imams of guidance concerning these doctrines

20 – These are the doctrines and practices upon which the earliest Imams of guidance agreed, and—by Allah’s favour—the Successors held fast to them as an example to follow and a source of divine approval. They avoided burdening themselves with matters that had already been settled; thus, with Allah’s help, they stayed on target and were granted success. They neither abandoned adherence and so fell short, nor exceeded it in search of additions and thus transgressed.

Accordingly, we put our trust in Allah, rely on Him alone, and earnestly seek His aid in following in their footsteps.