Dhamm al-TaʾwīlIbn Qudama

73 – It is therefore decisively proven—by the Book, the Sunnah, the consensus of the community, and by sober reflection—that following the early generations (the salaf, may Allah have mercy on them) is obligatory. Those predecessors can only have been either correct or mistaken. If they were correct, then following them is binding, for adhering to what is right is obligatory, whereas adopting error in creed is forbidden. And if they were indeed correct, they were upon the straight path, while whoever opposes them is following the path of Satan that leads to the blazing Fire. Allah the Exalted has commanded us to follow His way and His path and has forbidden us to follow any other, saying:
“Indeed, this is My straight path, so follow it; and do not follow the other paths, lest they separate you from His path. This He has enjoined upon you so that you may be mindful of Him.” (Surah al-Anʿam 6:153)

74 – If anyone were to claim that the salaf were in error, he would thereby impugn the whole of Islam. For if it were permissible for them to err in this matter, their error in every other aspect of Islam would also be possible; the reports they transmitted would not be accepted, the miracles of the Prophet ﷺ that they narrated could not be affirmed, the entire edifice of transmission would collapse, and the Sacred Law would disappear. No Muslim may utter such a claim or harbor such a belief.

Moreover, the salaf were either aware of the true interpretation of these divine attributes or they were not. If they were unaware, how could we now presume to know it? And if they did know it, yet found it sufficient to remain silent, then what sufficed them must suffice us. The Prophet ﷺ himself is among those predecessors who refrained from explaining the verses and reports concerning the divine attributes; he is Allah’s proof against all creation. They are obligated to follow him and forbidden to oppose him. Allah the Exalted has borne witness that he is upon the straight path, that he guides to it, that whoever follows him is loved by Allah, and that whoever disobeys him has disobeyed Allah: “Whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly strayed into manifest error.”

٧٣ - فقد ثَبت وجوب اتِّبَاع السّلف رَحْمَة الله عَلَيْهِم بِالْكتاب وَالسّنة وَالْإِجْمَاع وَالْعبْرَة دلّت عَلَيْهِ فَإِن السّلف لَا يخلوا من أَن يَكُونُوا مصيبين أَو مخطئين فَإِن كَانُوا مصيبين وَجب اتباعهم لِأَن اتِّبَاع الصَّوَاب وَاجِب وركوب الْخَطَأ فِي الِاعْتِقَاد حرَام وَلِأَنَّهُم إِذا كَانُوا مصيبين كَانُوا على الصِّرَاط الْمُسْتَقيم ومخالفهم مُتبع لسبيل الشَّيْطَان الْهَادِي إِلَى صِرَاط الْجَحِيم وَقد أَمر الله تَعَالَى بِاتِّبَاع سَبيله وصراطه وَنهى عَن اتِّبَاع مَا سواهُ فَقَالَ ﴿وَأَن هَذَا صِرَاطِي مُسْتَقِيمًا فَاتَّبعُوهُ وَلَا تتبعوا السبل فَتفرق بكم عَن سَبيله ذَلِكُم وَصَّاكُم بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُون﴾ [الْأَنْعَام ١٥٣] ٧٤ - وَإِن زعم زاعم أَنهم مخطئون كَانَ قادحا فِي حق الْإِسْلَام كُله لِأَنَّهُ إِن جَازَ أَن يخطئوا فِي هَذَا جَازَ خطؤهم فِي غَيره من الْإِسْلَام كُله وَيَنْبَغِي أَن لَا تنقل الْأَخْبَار الَّتِي نقلوها وَلَا تثبت معجزات النَّبِي ﷺ الَّتِي رووها فَتبْطل الرِّوَايَة وتزول الشَّرِيعَة وَلَا يجوز لمُسلم أَن يَقُول هَذَا وَلَا يَعْتَقِدهُ وَلِأَن السّلف رَحْمَة الله عَلَيْهِم لَا يخلوا إِمَّا أَن يَكُونُوا علمُوا تَأْوِيل هَذِه الصِّفَات أَو لم يعلموه فَإِن لم يعلموه فَكيف علمناه نَحن وَإِن علموه فوسعهم إِن يسكتوا عَنهُ وَجب أَن يسعنا مَا وسعهم وَلِأَن النَّبِي ﷺ من جملَة سلفنا الَّذين سكتوا عَن تَفْسِير الْآيَات وَالْأَخْبَار الَّتِي الصِّفَات وَهُوَ حجَّة الله على خلق الله أَجْمَعِينَ يجب عَلَيْهِم اتِّبَاعه وَيحرم عَلَيْهِم خِلَافه وَقد شهد الله تَعَالَى بِأَنَّهُ على الصِّرَاط الْمُسْتَقيم وَأَنه يهدي إِلَيْهِ وَأَن من اتبعهُ أحبه الله وَمن عَصَاهُ فقد عَصا الله ﴿وَمن يعْص الله وَرَسُوله فقد ضل ضلالا مُبينًا﴾

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