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and recognized his caliphate—however it was established, whether by mutual consent or by force—then such a rebel has split the unity of the Muslims and has contravened the reports transmitted from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Should that rebel die in this state, he dies the death of pre-Islamic ignorance.
- It is not lawful for anyone to fight the ruler or to rise up against him; whoever does so is an innovator, outside the Sunnah.
عَلَيْهِ وأقروا بالخلافة بِأَيّ وَجه كَانَ بِالرِّضَا أَو الْغَلَبَة فقد شقّ هَذَا الْخَارِج عَصا الْمُسلمين وَخَالف الْآثَار عَن رَسُول الله ﷺ فَإِن مَاتَ الْخَارِج عَلَيْهِ مَاتَ ميتَة جَاهِلِيَّة
٢١ - وَلَا يحل قتال السُّلْطَان وَلَا الْخُرُوج عَلَيْهِ لأحد من النَّاس فَمن فعل ذَلِك فَهُوَ مُبْتَدع على غير السّنة