Nukhbat al-Fikar - tahqiq al-Qasim - Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani - (57)

Nukhbat al-Fikar - tahqiq al-QasimIbn Hajar Al-Asqalani

Then the reports that are rejected fall into one of two causes: either an omission (1) in the chain or a flaw detected through critique.

The omission (2) may occur (3) at the very beginning of the isnad (4) on the side of the compiler (5), at its tail-end after the Successor (tābiʿī), or (6) somewhere in between.

• The first is called muʿallaq (suspended).
• The second is mursal (detached).
• As for the third, if two or more consecutive links are missing it is muʿḍal (knotted); otherwise it is munqaṭiʿ (broken).

This break may be obvious or subtle.

• The obvious break is recognized by establishing that the two narrators never met; hence the need for chronological data.
• The subtle break is the mudallas (concealed report), transmitted with wording that could allow for an actual meeting (7 8), such as “ʿan” and “qāla.”

The same ruling applies to the hidden mursal reported by a contemporary who, in reality, never met the person in question (9).

(1) MSS B and D read "li-saqat" (with a fat-ha on the qaf), whereas the correct vocalisation is with a sukun on the qaf; see al-Qari, Sharh Sharh al-Nukhba, p. 388. MS H has "li-siqt" (with a kasra on the sin). The present edition follows the reading of MS W. (2) MSS B and D have "fa-saqat" (with a fat-ha on the qaf). (3) The word "imma" is missing in MS Z. (4) In MS W the text from the phrase "fa-saqt" up to this point is illegible owing to repair work. (5) MS Z reads "munsif", which is an erroneous reading. (6) MS B adds the preposition "min". (7) In MS B the verb appears both as "tahtamil" and "yahtamil". The author states in Nuzhat al-Nazar: "A mudallas report may be transmitted in a wording that can imply an actual meeting." (8) MS H reads "al-liqa" (meeting). (9) MS D vocalises the verb as "yulqa" (with a damma on the initial ya). The phrase "min muasirin lam yalqa" (from a contemporary whom he never met) is omitted in H but preserved in B.

* ثُمَّ المَرْدُودُ: إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لِسَقْطٍ (١) أَوْ طَعْنٍ. فَالسَّقْطُ (٢): إِمَّا (٣) أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ (٤) مَبَادِئِ السَّنَدِ مِنْ مُصَنِّفٍ (٥)، أَوْ مِنْ آخِرِهِ بَعْدَ التَّابِعِيِّ، أَوْ (٦) غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. فَالأَوَّلُ: المُعَلَّقُ. وَالثَّانِي: المُرْسَلُ. وَالثَّالِثُ: إِنْ كَانَ بِاثْنَيْنِ فَصَاعِداً مَعَ التَّوَالِي: فَهُوَ المُعْضَلُ، وَإِلَّا فَالمُنْقَطِعُ. ثُمَّ قَدْ يَكُونُ وَاضِحاً أَوْ خَفِيّاً: فَالأَوَّلُ: يُدْرَكُ بِعَدَمِ التَّلَاقِي، وَمِنْ ثَمَّ احْتِيجَ إِلَى التَّارِيخِ. وَالثَّانِي: المُدَلَّسُ، وَيَرِدُ بِصِيغَةٍ تَحْتَمِلُ (٧) اللُّقِيَّ (٨): كَـ «عَنْ»، وَ «قَالَ». وَكَذَا المُرْسَلُ الخَفِيُّ مِنْ مُعَاصِرٍ لَمْ يَلْقَ (٩).

(١) في ب، د: «لسَقَطٍ» بفتح القاف، والصَّواب إسكان القاف، انظر: شرح شرح النُّخبة (ص ٣٨٨) للقاري، وفي ح: «لِسِقْطٍ» بكسر السِّين، والمثبت من و. (٢) في ب، د: «فَالسَّقَطُ» بفتح القاف. (٣) «إِمَّا» سقطت من ز. (٤) في و: من قوله: «فَالسَّقْطُ» إلى هنا لم يظهر بسبب الترميم. (٥) في ز: «منصف» وهو تحريف. (٦) في ب زيادة: «مِنْ». (٧) في ب: «تحتمل، يحتمل» بالتاء والياء معاً. قال المصنِّف ﵀ في نزهة النَّظر -: «ويَرِدُ المدلَّس بصيغةٍ من صِيَغِ الأداء تحتملُ وقوعَ اللِّقَاءِ». (٨) في هـ: «اللقاء». (٩) في د: «يُلْقَ» بضم الياء، و «مِن مُعَاصِرٍ لَمْ يَلْقَ» سقطت من ح، والمثبت من ب.