Nukhbat al-Fikar - tahqiq al-QasimIbn Hajar Al-Asqalani

Then, with regard to an accepted report: if it is free of any counter-evidence, it is deemed muḥkam. Should an equally strong narration contradict it, and reconciliation is possible, the material falls under mukhtalif al-ḥadīth (1). Or, if the later narration can be firmly established (2), that one is the nāsikh—abrogating—while the other is the mansūkh, abrogated. Otherwise, the procedure is tarjīḥ (3), weighing the preponderant proof, and, if that proves inconclusive, suspension of judgment.

(1) MSS B, D and H read “mukhtalaf” (with a fat-ha on the l), whereas the text followed here adopts the reading of MS Ha. Al-Qari, in Sharh Sharh Nukhbat al-Fikar, p. 363, says: “mukhtalif (with a kasra on the l), i.e. a hadith whose import is discrepant; this matches the phrase that follows, ‘fa-huwa al-nasikh’ (then it is the abrogator). Some scholars vocalised it with a fat-ha, reading it as the mim-derived verbal noun, which suits his later wording, ‘fa-al-tarjih’ (then preference).” (2) MS Ha has “yathbut” (is established), while MS H reads “wa-in thabat” (and if it is established). In Nuzhat al-Nazar the author writes: “fa-in urifa wa thabata al-mutaakhkhir bihi …” (if the later report is thereby known and firmly established …). (3) MS W reads “fa-yurrajjah” (then it is preferred), and MS B replaces “wa-illa fa-al-tarjih” (otherwise, preference) with “wa-illa fala” (otherwise, no preference). The author states in Nuzhat al-Nazar: “fa-al-tarjih in taayyana” (preference is to be exercised when it is clearly required).
ثُمَّ المَقْبُولُ: إِنْ سَلِمَ مِنَ المُعَارَضَةِ: فَهُوَ المُحْكَمُ. وَإِنْ عُورِضَ بِمِثْلِهِ: فَإِنْ أَمْكَنَ الجَمْعُ: فَهُوَ مُخْتَلِفُ (١) الحَدِيثِ. أَوْ ثَبَتَ (٢) المُتَأَخِّرُ: فَهُوَ النَّاسِخُ، وَالآخَرُ المَنْسُوخُ، وَإِلَّا فَالتَّرْجِيحُ (٣)، ثُمَّ التَّوَقُّفُ.
(١) في ب، د، ح: «مختلَف» بفتح اللَّام، والمثبت من هـ. قال القاري ﵀ في شرح شرح نخبة الفكر (ص ٣٦٣) -: «(مختلِف): بكسر اللَّام؛ أي: مُخْتَلِفٌ مَدْلُولُ حَدِيثِه، ويناسبه ما يقابله: (فهو النَّاسخ)، وضَبَطَهُ بعضُهُم: بفتح اللَّام؛ مصدر ميمي، ويلائمه قوله فيما بعد: (فالترجيح)». (٢) في هـ: «يثبت»، وفي ح: «وإن ثبت». قال المصنِّف ﵀ في نزهة النَّظر -: «فإن عرف وثبت المتأخر به … ». (٣) في و: «فيُرجَّح»، وفي ب: «وإلَّا فلا» بدل «وَإِلَّا فَالتَّرْجِيحُ». قال المصنِّف ﵀ في نزهة النَّظر -: «فالتَّرجيح إن تعين».

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