Nukhbat al-Fikar - tahqiq al-QasimIbn Hajar Al-Asqalani

A solitary report transmitted by an upright narrator of flawless precision, whose chain of transmission is uninterrupted (1) and free (2) from both hidden defect and irregularity, is classified as ṣaḥīḥ li-dhātih (sound in and of itself).

Its levels (3) vary in proportion to these qualities; for that reason priority is accorded to the Ṣaḥīḥ of al-Bukhārī, then to that of Muslim (4), and thereafter to what fulfils their joint criteria (5).

When the degree of precision (6) is somewhat lower, the report is ḥasan li-dhātih (7); a multitude of corroborating chains can elevate it to the rank of ṣaḥīḥ.

If the two grades are mentioned together, it is due to hesitation (8) about the transmitter in the case of a single narration (9); otherwise, the distinction rests on considering two separate isnāds (10).

(1) In W the word muttasil (with an uninterrupted chain) is vocalised with either kasra or damma on the final lam; the other copies are unvocalised, while one copy of Nuzhat records it in the accusative. Al-Qari, Sharh Sharh al-Nukhbah, p. 243, explains: “It is accusative as a circumstantial qualifier (hal) of al-naql (transmission), which functions as an object, as we noted; or of the subject—namely khabar al-ahad (a solitary report)—according to the view, held by Sibawayh, that permits this. Some regard it as an adjective provided the omitted governing term is definite, a possibility most scholars reject.” See also Qada al-Watar fi Nuzhat al-Nazar, 2/664. (2) W reads ghayri, with a kasra on the ra; the present edition follows D. (3) H has yatafawat (it varies) with an initial ya. (4) D vocalises Muslimun (nominative); the adopted reading is that of J and W. Al-Qari, Sharh Sharh Nukhbat al-Fikar, p. 282, states: “It should be in the genitive, conjoined to al-Bukhari, with the governing noun omitted in the text—an omission he explicitly acknowledges in the commentary.” (5) D reads shurutuhuma (their two conditions); the phrases “thumma Muslim, thumma shartuhuma” are absent from H. (6) H has fa-in lam yatimm al-dabt (if precision is not complete) in place of fa-in khaffa al-dabt (if precision lessens). In Nuzhat al-Nazar the author glosses: “fa-in khaffa al-dabt, that is, when it decreases.” (7) B adds: fahuwa al-hasan (then it is hasan). (8) J reads fa-litarddin (owing to hesitation), whereas H has fa-la tardd (with no hesitation). (9) J places al-tafarrud (solitary narration) in the genitive; the reading adopted is that of D, W, and H. (10) The phrase wa-illa (otherwise) is missing from Z. In Nuzhat al-Nazar the author writes: “wa-illa—that is, when no doubt remains.”
* وَخَبَرُ الآحَادِ بِنَقْلِ عَدْلٍ تَامِّ الضَّبْطِ، مُتَّصِلَ (١) السَّنَدِ، غَيْرَ (٢) مُعَلَّلٍ وَلَا شَاذٍّ: هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ لِذَاتِهِ. وَتَتَفَاوَتُ (٣) رُتَبُهُ بِتَفَاوُتِ هَذِهِ الأَوْصَافِ، وَمِنْ ثَمَّ قُدِّمَ صَحِيحُ البُخَارِيِّ، ثُمَّ مُسْلِمٍ (٤)، ثُمَّ شَرْطُهُمَا (٥). فَإِنْ خَفَّ الضَّبْطُ (٦): فَالحَسَنُ (٧) لِذَاتِهِ، وَبِكَثْرَةِ طُرُقِهِ يُصَحَّحُ. فَإِنْ جُمِعَا فَلِلتَّرَدُّدِ (٨) فِي النَّاقِلِ حَيْثُ التَّفَرُّدُ (٩)، وَإِلَّا (١٠) فَبِاعْتِبَارِ إِسْنَادَيْنِ.
(١) في و: «مُتَّصِل» بكسر اللَّام وضمِّها، ولم تُشكَّل في بقيَّة النُّسخ، وضُبِطت بالنصب في إحدى نُسخ النزهة. قال القاري ﵀ في شرح شرح النُّخبة (ص ٢٤٣) -: «بالنَّصبِ على الحال من (النّقل)، فإنّه مفعول في المعنى على ما أشرنا إليه، أو من المبتدأ - وهو (خبرُ الآحاد) - على القول بجوازه كما هو رأي سيبويه، وقيل: صفة؛ إن جُوِّزَ تقديرُ المتعلَّق معرفة، ولكن منعه الأكثرون» وانظر: قضاء الوطر في نزهة النظر (٢/ ٦٦٤). (٢) في و: «غيرِ» بكسر الرَّاء، والمثبت من د. (٣) في ح: «يتفاوت» بالياء. (٤) في د: «مسلمٌ» بالرَّفع، والمثبت من ج، و. قال القاري ﵀ في شرح شرح نخبة الفكر (ص ٢٨٢) -: «بالجرِّ؛ عطف على (البخاريِّ)، بحذف المضاف - في المتن -، وقد صرَّح في الشَّرحِ بهذا المحذوف». (٥) في د: «شُرُوطُهُمَا»، «ثُمَّ مُسْلِمٍ، ثُمَّ شَرْطُهُمَا» سقطت من هـ. (٦) في هـ: «فإن لم يَتِمَّ الضبطُ» بدل «فَإِنْ خَفَّ الضَّبْطُ». قال المصنِّف ﵀ في نزهة النَّظر -: «فإنْ خفَّ الضبْطُ؛ أي: قلَّ». (٧) في ب: «فهو الحسن». (٨) في ج: «فلترددٍ»، وفي هـ: «فلا تردد». (٩) في ج: «التفردِ» بالجرِّ، والمثبت من د، و، ح. (١٠) «وَإِلَّا» سقطت من ز. قال المصنِّف ﵀ في نزهة النَّظر -: «وإلَّا إذا لم يحصل التَّردُّدُ».

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