Section Five: Probity and the kinds of discredit that impinge upon it

Probity
Probity (ʿadālah) is an inner quality that inclines a person to constant piety and dignified self-restraint (muruʾah).

Taqwa
Taqwa is to avoid reprehensible deeds such as polytheism, flagrant sin, and religious innovation. Scholars differ on whether avoiding minor sins is also a prerequisite. The preferred view is that it is not required, for complete avoidance lies beyond human capacity—unless one persists in those minor sins, for persistence elevates them to major sins.