Al-Marfūʿ (Traced Back to the Prophet)

Whatever reaches the Prophet ﷺ is called al-marfūʿ.

Al-Mawqūf (Stops with a Companion)

Whatever reaches a Companion is called al-mawqūf. Thus one may say, “Ibn ʿAbbās said,” or “did,” or “approved,” or “from Ibn ʿAbbās—mawqūf,” or “mawqūf to Ibn ʿAbbās.”

Al-Maqṭūʿ (Cut Off at a Follower)

Whatever reaches a Follower is called al-maqṭūʿ.

The Terms ḥadīth and athar

Some scholars confine the word ḥadīth to what is marfūʿ and mawqūf, designating what is maqṭūʿ as athar. Others extend the term athar to include what is marfūʿ as well; hence the expression “the transmitted supplications” (al-adʿiyah al-maʾthūrah) for the supplications that have come down from the Prophet ﷺ.