—through His names, His attributes, and His acts, and to make known (1) His rights (2) over His servants. Whoever rejects His messages (3) has therefore denied the very Lord to whom he summoned them and the duties He enjoined. Indeed, we maintain that one simply cannot acknowledge realities as they truly are while belying His Messenger.

This becomes perfectly evident to anyone who reflects on the doctrines and religions of humankind:

The philosophers, for instance, were unable (4) to affirm the existence of angels, jinn, the origin and the return, with their respective details, or the detailed attributes and actions of the Lord—exalted is He—while denying prophethood. In fact, even the self-evident realities that cannot reasonably be denied they failed to establish as they are, and they did not present a single truth in its genuine form. Such is the fruit of their rejection of the prophets: Allah stripped them of the perception of the very truths they claimed their intellects could grasp, so they grasped none of them as they actually are—not even water, air, the sun, or anything else. Whoever examines their positions on these matters will realize that they did not comprehend them (5), even though they may have uncovered aspects hidden from others.

As for the Magians, they are further astray and lead others further astray.

And as for the worshippers of idols, they neither recognized the Creator nor understood the reality of created things; they failed to distinguish between devils and angels, between wholesome and malicious spirits, between the finest good and the vilest evil, and they did not know the perfection of the soul or what