and its provinces, mountains, and rivers.
If it were permissible to cast doubt on all of that, then doubting the very existence of Jesus and Moses and the signs of their prophethood would be even more permissible; and if it is impermissible to impugn them and the signs of their prophethood, then it is far more impermissible to impugn Muhammad ﷺ and the signs of his prophethood.
For that reason (1), when one of the scholars of the People of the Book realized that faith in Moses can never be complete while at the same time denying Muhammad, he ended up disbelieving in them all (2) and said, “Allah has not sent down anything to any human being.” The Exalted said: “They have not valued Allah as He deserves to be valued when they said, ‘Allah has not sent down anything to any human being.’ Say: ‘Who, then, sent down the Book that Moses brought as a light and guidance for mankind? You turn it into scattered sheets, showing some of it while hiding much; and you were taught what neither you nor your forefathers had known.’ Say: Allah; then leave them to plunge in their idle talk, playing about.” [al-Anʿām: 91].
Saʿīd ibn Jubayr said: A man from the Jews, named Mālik ibn al-Ṣayf, came to dispute with the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ said to him, “I adjure you by the One who sent down the Torah to Moses: do you not find in the Torah that Allah hates the fat rabbi?”—and he was indeed a corpulent rabbi. The enemy of Allah became enraged and said, “By Allah, (3) Allah has not sent down anything to any human being.” His companions who were with him exclaimed, “Woe to you— not even to Moses?” He replied, “By Allah, Allah has not sent down anything to any human being.” So Allah revealed: “They have not valued Allah as He deserves to be valued…” (4)—the verse.