the Lord (1), the Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father (2), who together with the Father and the Son is worshipped (3) and glorified.

In that creed they had earlier said only, “and in the Holy Spirit.” They now affirmed that the Son, the Father, and the Holy Spirit are three hypostases, three faces, and three properties; that there is unity (4) in trinity and trinity in unity; and that Christ’s body possesses a rational, speaking soul. The assembly then adjourned, having anathematized many of their own bishops and adherents (5).

Fifty-one years after this council (6) they held a fourth, this one directed against Nestorius. Nestorius maintained that Mary is not truly the Mother of God; therefore, he said, there are two (7)(8): the first is God, who exists from the Father, and the second a man who comes from Mary. This man—whom we call the Messiah—is, according to him, united with the Son of God and is therefore called “God” and “Son of God” (9)(10).