nevertheless been unable—because Allah turned them away—to tamper with or erase the glad tidings about Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ﷺ that we have cited, even though they were able to hide them from their own followers and the ignorant masses.

As for the Torah now in their hands, it contains so much distortion, alteration, and material that ought never to be attributed to the prophets that no discerning person can doubt it (1). The Torah that Allah revealed to Moses is free of such blemishes (2). Yet in their Torah one reads that Lot—Allah’s messenger—left the city and dwelt in a mountain cave with his two daughters. The younger said to the elder, “Our father has grown old; come, let us lie with him so that we may preserve offspring from him.” The elder lay with him, and then the younger; the next night they repeated the deed, and both conceived by him two sons: Moab (3) and Ammon (4).

Is it fitting that a noble prophet and messenger whom Allah honours would be made—God forbid—to fall into so heinous a crime at the end of his life, and that Allah would then publicise it about him and recount it to the nations (5)?!

Their Torah also states: “Allah manifested Himself to Moses on Mount Sinai” and, after much speech, said to him, “Put your hand into your bosom and draw it out leprous, white as snow” (6).

This, too, is of the same ilk as the previous claims; Allah, exalted be He, did not manifest Himself to Moses—rather, He commanded him