ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Hārith related from ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ—who was counted among the finest of people—who said: “My father and grandfather kept a parchment that had been handed down before Islam. It read:

‘In the Name of Allah, and His word is the truth, while the words of the wrongdoers end in ruin. This is a reminder for a nation that will arise at the end of time: they bind their garments at mid-waist, wash the extremities of their limbs, and wade through the seas to reach their enemies. Among them is a prayer such that, had it been practiced by the people of Noah, they would not have perished in the Flood, and had it been practiced by Thamūd, they would not have been destroyed by the Blast.’” ⦗1⦘

Thirty-First Aspect. Isaiah, recounting the story of the Arabs, said: “They will trample the nations as grain is threshed on the threshing-floor; calamity will descend upon the Arab idolaters, and they will flee before drawn swords and taut bows in the violence of the great battle.” ⦗2⦘

This foretells what befell the idol-worshippers at the hands of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his Companions on the Day of Badr, the Day of Ḥunayn, and on other occasions. ⦗3⦘

Thirty-Second Aspect. In the Gospel that the Christians now possess, according to John, it is reported that the Messiah said to the disciples: “Whoever hates me has hated the Lord. Had I not done among them works that no one else ever performed, they would have no sin; but now they have grown arrogant, so the word written in the Law must be fulfilled: They hated me without cause. Yet when the Manḥamnā whom Allah will send to you from the Lord—the Spirit of justice—comes, he will bear witness about me, and you too will bear witness, for you have been with me from the beginning. This