Hidāyat al-Ḥayārā - Ibn al-Qayyim - (الكتاب/176)

Hidāyat al-ḤayārāIbn al-Qayyim

and recklessness, while the balanced course lies between the two (1).

The expression, “I have sent down My Spirit upon him,” agrees with the Almighty’s words: “Thus We have revealed to you a Spirit of Our command” [al-Shūrā 42:52]; “He sends down the angels with the Spirit of His command upon whom He wills of His servants: ‘Warn that there is no deity but I; so be mindful of Me’” [al-Naḥl 16:2]; and, “He casts the Spirit of His command upon whom He wills of His servants to warn of the Day of Meeting” [Ghāfir 40:15]. Revelation is here called a spirit because hearts and souls derive life from it just as bodies live through the created spirit within them.

The statement, “He will manifest My justice among the nations,” corresponds to His saying: “So to that invite, and remain upright as you have been commanded, and do not follow their desires. Say, ‘I have believed in whatever Scripture Allah has sent down, and I have been commanded to act justly between you’” [al-Shūrā 42:15]; and to His words regarding the People of the Book: “If they come to you for judgment, then judge between them or turn away from them; and if you judge, judge between them with fairness” [al-Māʾidah 5:42].

The phrase, “He enjoins the nations with commandments,” is in harmony with the verse: “He has ordained for you in religion what He enjoined upon Noah, and that which We have revealed to you, and what We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses, and Jesus: ‘Establish the religion and do not be divided therein’” [al-Shūrā 42:13]; and with His words in Sūrat al-Anʿām: “Say, ‘Come, I will recite what your Lord has forbidden for you: that you associate nothing with Him, and that you show kindness to parents…’” up to, “That is what He has enjoined upon you so that you may understand” [al-Anʿām 6:151]. He then says, “Do not approach the property of the orphan except in the best manner until he reaches maturity…” continuing to, “That is what He has enjoined upon you so that you may remember.”

Next comes His saying: “Indeed, this is My straight path, so follow it, and do not follow other paths, lest they scatter you…”

(1) MS D adds the words: ghayr munkar (“not objectionable”).

والطَّيْش، والاعتدالُ بين ذلك (١). وقوله: "أنزل عليه روحي" مطابقٌ لقوله تعالى: ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا﴾ [الشورى: ٥٢] وقوله: ﴿يُنَزِّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ﴾ [النحل: ٢]. وقوله: ﴿يُلْقِي الرُّوحَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ لِيُنْذِرَ يَوْمَ التَّلَاقِ﴾ [غافر: ١٥]. فسمَّى الوحي روحًا؛ لأن حياة القلوب والأرواح به، كما أنَّ حياة الأبدان بالأرواح. وقوله: "فيُظْهِرُ في الأُمم عَدْلي" مطابق قوله تعالى: ﴿فَلِذَلِكَ فَادْعُ وَاسْتَقِمْ كَمَا أُمِرْتَ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَقُلْ آمَنْتُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمُ﴾ [الشورى: ١٥]، وقوله عن أهل الكتاب: ﴿فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَإِنْ تُعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ فَلَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ شَيْئًا وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢]. وقوله: "يُوصِي الأُمم بالوصايا" مطابقٌ لقوله تعالى: ﴿شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّى بِهِ نُوحًا وَالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى أَنْ أَقِيمُوا الدِّينَ وَلَا تَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهِ﴾ [الشورى: ١٣] وقوله في سورة الأنعام: ﴿قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ أَلَّا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (١٥١)﴾، ثم قال: ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ﴾ إلى قوله: ﴿ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ﴾. ثم قال: ﴿وَأَنَّ هَذَا صِرَاطِي مُسْتَقِيمًا فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا السُّبُلَ فَتَفَرَّقَ بِكُمْ

(١) في "د" زيادة: "غير منكر".