to exact retribution through them against the nations that do not worship Him, (1) binding their kings with chains and their nobles with fetters. (2)(3)

These descriptions apply to none but Muhammad and his nation. They are the ones who proclaim Allah’s greatness in loud voices during the call to the five daily prayers and from high places. Jābir said, “We were with the Prophet ﷺ: when we ascended we would say ‘Allāhu akbar,’ and when we descended we would say ‘Subḥān Allah.’” (4) On that pattern the prayer was prescribed. They (5) raise their voices with takbīr in the adhān, on the day of Eid al-Fiṭr, on the day of Eid al-Naḥr, during the first ten days of Dhū al-Ḥijjah, and after the obligatory prayers during the days spent in Minā.

Al-Bukhārī narrated that ‘Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb used to pronounce takbīr in Minā; the people in the mosque would hear him and join in with his takbīr, then the people in the markets would hear them (6) and join in, until Minā resounded with the proclamation of Allah’s greatness. (7)

Abū Hurayrah and Ibn ‘Umar would likewise go out to the marketplace during those ten days, pronounce takbīr, and the people would echo their takbīr. (8) They also pronounce takbīr over their sacrificial animals and offerings, when casting the pebbles at the jamarāt, on al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah, and when passing the Black Stone.