and ʿAbd al-Salām Hārūn incorporated it into Rasāʾil al-Jāḥiẓ in 1979 CE. Dr. Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh al-Sharqāwī then produced a critical edition accompanied by an analytical study, Cairo, 1405 AH. Professor Dr. Ibrāhīm ʿAwaḍ likewise authored a monograph on the epistle entitled “With al-Jāḥiẓ in the Epistle Refuting the Christians,” published in Cairo by Zahraʾ al-Sharq Library, 1419 AH.

6 – al-Kitāb al-Awsat fī al-Maqālāt (The Intermediate Book on Doctrines) by Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Anbārī, known as al-Nāshiʾ al-Akbar and also called Ibn Sharshīr (d. 293 AH). Excerpts from this work were located in the writings of the Christian Ibn al-ʿAssāl and were published by the orientalist Josef van Ess in Beirut, 1971 CE, together with his book Masāʾil al-Imāmah (Questions on the Imamate).

7 – al-Radd ʿalā al-Naṣārā (Refutation of the Christians) by Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Warrāq (d. 297 AH). Ibn al-Nadīm mentions the work in al-Fihrist. Manuscript copies are preserved in the libraries of Paris, the Vatican, and Cairo.

8 – Awāʾil al-Adillah (The First Principles of Proofs) by Abū al-Qāsim al-Balkhī al-Kaʿbī (d. 319 AH). Portions survive within the book of the philosopher al-Yaʿqūbī, who composed a rebuttal to them. Paul Sabat published these extracts in Cairo, 1929 CE.

9 – Kitāb al-Tawḥīd (The Book of Monotheism) by Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī (d. 333 AH). The author presents Christian doctrines and refutes them, sparing no effort to expose the unsoundness of the creed that deifies the Messiah.

10 – Jawāb ʿalā Risālat Rāhib Faransā ilā al-Muqtadir bi-llāh Ḥākim Sarqusṭah (A Reply to the Letter of the Monk of France to al-Muqtadir bi-llāh, ruler of Zaragoza) by Abū al-Walīd al-Bājī (d. 373 AH). Edited by Dr. Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh al-Sharqāwī and printed by the General Presidency for Scholarly Research, Iftāʾ, Daʿwah and Guidance in Riyadh.