Type Fifty-Six
Those who share the same personal name and family name but are distinguished by which of the two comes first and which comes second
Among them are:
• Yazīd ibn al-Aswad, the Khuzāʿī Companion; Yazīd ibn al-Aswad al-Jarashī, the muḥaḍram celebrated for his righteousness—the one for whose sake Muʿāwiyah performed the rain-seeking prayer; and, in reverse order, al-Aswad ibn Yazīd al-Nakhaʿī, an eminent tābiʿī.
• Likewise, al-Walīd ibn Muslim: one of them is a Basran tābiʿī, while the better-known is the Damascene who kept company with al-Awzāʿī; the reverse order is found in Muslim ibn al-Walīd ibn Rabāḥ of Madinah.
Allah knows best.
Type Fifty-Seven
Identifying those who are attributed to someone other than their fathers
They fall into several categories.
First: Those traced to their mothers, such as Muʿādh, Muʿawwidh, and ʿAwth (some say ʿAwf) sons of ʿAfrāʾ—their father was al-Ḥārith; Bilāl ibn Ḥamāmah, whose father was Rabāḥ; Suhayl and Ṣafwān, sons of Bayḍāʾ—their father was Wahb; Shuraḥbīl ibn Ḥasnah, whose father was ʿAbd Allāh al-Muṭāʿ; Ibn Buhaynah, whose father was Mālik; Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah, whose father was ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib; and Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUlayyah, whose father was Ibrāhīm. Allah knows best.
Second: Those traced to their grandmothers, such as Yaʿlā ibn Munyah—Munyah Karkabah was his paternal grandmother, though some say she was his mother; and Bashīr ibn al-Khaṣāṣiyyah (with a single yāʾ), al-Khaṣāṣiyyah being the mother of his third-generation ancestor, although others say she was his own mother. His father was Maʿbad.