with ḥāʾ. Among the personal names actually written in this way are Abyad ibn Ḥammāl and Ḥammāl ibn Mālik, along with others.

Al-Hamdānī: in the books of the early authorities the prevailing form is al-Hamdānī (with sukūn on the dāl and the undotted letter), whereas among the later scholars it is more often found as al-Hamdhānī (with fatḥa and the dotted letter dhāl).

ʿĪsā ibn Abī al-Ḥināṭ may be written in four different ways—(i) with the undotted consonant and nūn, (ii) with the dotted consonant together with the single-dotted letter, and (iii) with the dotted consonant together with the letter that bears two dots beneath. All are permissible, though the first is the best known. The same holds for Muslim al-Khayyāṭ, for whom the three readings just mentioned are likewise accepted.

Section Two: Names occurring in the two Ṣaḥīḥs or in the Muwaṭṭaʾ

1. Yasār is everywhere written with yāʾ followed by the dotless consonant, save for Muḥammad ibn Bashār, whose name is with bāʾ and a dotted letter. In the two Ṣaḥīḥs one also finds Siyyār ibn Salāmah and Ibn Abī Siyyār, both beginning with sīn.

2. Bishr normally takes kasrah on the bāʾ and sukūn on the dotted consonant (shīn). Four persons, however, are read with ḍamma on the bāʾ and the dotless sīn: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Busr—the Companion—Busr ibn Saʿīd, Ibn ʿUbayd Allāh, and Ibn Mihjan (some authorities pronounce the last with the dotted consonant, Bushr).

3. Bashīr everywhere bears fatḥa on the bāʾ and kasrah on the dotted consonant, except in two instances, where the reading is with ḍamma followed by fatḥa: Bashīr ibn Kaʿb and Bashīr ibn Yasār.

4. A third example is Yasīr ibn ʿAmr—also called Asīr—whose name is read with ḍamma on the letter that has two dots and fatḥa on the dotless one; a fourth is Qaṭn ibn Nasīr, whose nūn takes ḍamma while the dotless consonant receives fatḥa.

5. Yazīd is invariably spelled with zāy except for three occasions: Burayd ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Burda—both names with kasrah (some read them with fatḥa and then nūn); and ʿAlī ibn Hāshim ibn al-Barīd, whose nisbah is written with fatḥa on the bāʾ, kasrah on the rāʾ, and ends with yāʾ.

6. The name al-Barāʾ is generally pronounced without gemination; the only exceptions are Abū Maʿshar al-Barrāʾ and Abū al-ʿĀliyah, whose names require doubling.

7. Ḥārithah is written with ḥāʾ in every instance save four, all of which are with jīm: Jāriyah ibn Qudāmah, Yazīd ibn Jāriyah, ʿAmr ibn Abī Sufyān ibn Usayd ibn Jāriyah, and al-Aswad ibn al-ʿAlāʾ ibn Jāriyah.

8. Jarīr is spelt with jīm and rāʾ except for Ḥarīz ibn ʿUthmān and Abū Ḥarīz ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥusayn—the transmitter from ʿIkrimah—whose names are written with ḥāʾ and final zāy. A closely related form is Ḥudayr, with ḥāʾ and dāl, the father of ʿImrān and of Zayd and Ziyād.

Allah knows best.