Forty-Ninth Category
Identifying Singular Forms (maʿrifat al-mufradāt)
This is an elegant discipline that normally appears toward the end of the manuals, and separate works have been devoted to it.

It comprises several divisions.

Section One – Personal Names
Among the Companions:
• Ajmad ibn ʿAjyān — the initial consonant is a jīm; its vocalisation is said to follow the pattern of Sufyān, and others say that of ʿAliyān.
• Jubayb — with a ḍammah on the jīm — Sandar.
• Shukl — both syllables carry fatḥah.
• Ṣadā — the kunyah of Abū Umāmah.
• Ṣunābiḥ ibn al-Aʿsar.
• Kulda — both syllables vocalised with fatḥah — ibn Ḥanbal.
• Wābiṣah ibn Maʿbad.
• Nabīshah al-Khair.
• Shamghūn, the kunyah of Abū Rayḥānah; both the shīn and ghayn are dotted, though some read it with an ʿayn undotted.
• Hubayb — a diminutive with a doubled bāʾ.
• Ibn Mughaffal — the ghayn is quiescent.
• Lubay — with an initial lām, on the morphological pattern of ʿuṣā.

From the Successors and later transmitters:
• Awsat ibn ʿAmr.
• Tadūm — the initial tāʾ may be written above or below the line; the dāl carries a ḍammah.
• Jīlān — with a kasrah on the jīm.
• Abū al-Jild — the jīm has fatḥah.
• al-Dujayn — with a jīm, in the diminutive form.
• Zar ibn Ḥubaysh.
• Saʿīr ibn al-Khams.
• Wardān.
• Mustamir ibn al-Rayyān.
• ʿAzwān — initial hamzah pronounced plainly; the zāʾ is quiescent.
• Nawf al-Bakālī — the bāʾ is kasrah and the kāf lightened, though common speech gives both letters fatḥah with shaddah.
• Ḍurayb ibn Nuqayr ibn Sumayr — all diminutives; Nuqayr is written with a qāf, although some read it with an fāʾ, and others render it Nufayl with an fāʾ and lām.
• Hamadhān — a courier of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, spelled with a ghayn and an open mīm like the name of the town; another reading has an hāʾ and a quiescent mīm, as in the tribe.

Section Two – Kunyas (Patronymics)
• Abū al-ʿUbaydayn — a dual diminutive; his given name is Muʿāwiyah ibn Sabrah.
• Abū al-ʿAsharāʾ — identified by some as Usāmah, though other opinions exist.
• Abū al-Madillah — with a broken mīm and a doubled open lām; his personal name is unknown, and Abū Nuʿaym alone reports it as ʿUbayd Allah ibn