Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (450)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(103–105) “We certainly know that they say, ‘It is only a human being who teaches him.’ The tongue of the one to whom they allude is foreign, whereas this is a clear Arabic tongue. Indeed, those who do not believe in Allah’s signs—Allah will not guide them, and they will have a painful punishment. Only those who do not believe in Allah’s signs fabricate lies, and it is they who are the liars.”

Allah Most High relates what the polytheists who denied His Messenger were saying: “They say, ‘It is only a human being who teaches him’”—that is, teaches him this Book that he has brought. Yet the person to whom they alluded spoke a foreign tongue, “whereas this” Quran “is a clear Arabic tongue.” Could such a claim possibly be true? Does it possess even the slightest plausibility? A liar, however, lies without considering where his lie will lead. His words therefore contain such contradiction and corruption that merely considering them is enough to refute them.

“Indeed, those who do not believe in Allah’s signs,” which clearly point to the evident truth, reject them and refuse to accept them. “Allah will not guide them”: when guidance came to them, they rejected it, and so they were punished by being deprived of it and abandoned by Allah. “And they will have,” in the Hereafter, “a painful punishment.”

“Only those who do not believe in Allah’s signs fabricate lies”: that is, the fabrication of lies proceeds only from “those who do not believe in Allah’s signs,” such as those who obstinately opposed His Messenger after clear proofs had come to them. “And it is they who are the liars”: lying is confined to them, and they are more deserving than anyone else of being called liars. As for Muhammad—peace and blessings be upon him—who believed in Allah’s signs and submitted humbly to his Lord, it is inconceivable that he would lie about Allah or falsely ascribe to Him words He did not say. His enemies thus accused him of the very lying that characterized them, so Allah exposed their disgrace and laid bare their shame. All praise therefore belongs to Him Most High.

﴿١٠٣ - ١٠٥﴾ ﴿وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ لِسَانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهَذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينٌ * إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ لا يَهْدِيهِمُ اللَّهُ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ * إِنَّمَا يَفْتَرِي الْكَذِبَ الَّذِينَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ﴾ . يخبر تعالى عن قيل المشركين المكذبين لرسوله ﴿أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ﴾ هذا الكتاب الذي جاء به ﴿بَشَرٌ﴾ وذلك البشر الذي يشيرون إليه أعجمي اللسان ﴿وَهَذَا﴾ القرآن ﴿لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينٌ﴾ هل هذا القول ممكن؟ أو له حظ من الاحتمال؟ ولكن الكاذب يكذب ولا يفكر فيما يؤول إليه كذبه، فيكون في قوله من التناقض والفساد ما يوجب رده بمجرد تصوره. ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ﴾ الدالة دلالة صريحة على الحق المبين فيردونها ولا يقبلونها، ﴿لا يَهْدِيهِمُ اللَّهُ﴾ حيث جاءهم الهدى فردوه فعوقبوا بحرمانه وخذلان الله لهم. ﴿وَلَهُمْ﴾ في الآخرة ﴿عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ ﴿إِنَّمَا يَفْتَرِي الْكَذِبَ﴾ أي: إنما يصدر افتراه الكذب من ﴿الَّذِينَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ﴾ كالمعاندين لرسوله من بعد ما جاءتهم البينات، ﴿وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ﴾ أي: الكذب منحصر فيهم وعليهم أولى بأن يطلق من غيرهم. وأما محمد ﷺ المؤمن بآيات الله الخاضع لربه فمحال أن يكذب على الله ويتقول عليه ما لم يقل، فأعداؤه رموه بالكذب الذي هو وصفهم، فأظهر الله خزيهم وبين فضائحهم، فله تعالى الحمد.