Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (418)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

Allah Most High says to His Messenger, reassuring and consoling him: “Messengers before you were indeed mocked.” You are not the first messenger to be denied and harmed. “But I granted respite to those who disbelieved” in their messengers—that is, I gave them time until they thought they would not be punished. “Then I seized them” with various kinds of punishment. “How, then, was My punishment?” It was a severe punishment and a painful torment. So let not those who deny and mock you be deceived by Our granting them respite. They have the example of the nations before them, so let them beware lest they be dealt with as those people were.

⦗419⦘

(33–34) “Is He who watches over every soul according to what it has earned—yet they have assigned partners to Allah! Say, ‘Name them! Or are you informing Him of something on earth that He does not know, or is it merely a show of words?’ Rather, their scheming has been made appealing to those who disbelieve, and they have been barred from the path. Whoever Allah leads astray has no guide. * For them is punishment in the life of this world, but the punishment of the Hereafter is surely more severe, and they will have no one to protect them from Allah.”

Allah Most High says: “Is He who watches over every soul according to what it has earned,” requiting it both immediately and in the future with justice and equity—and He is Allah, Exalted is He—like one who does not?

Hence He says: “Yet they have assigned partners to Allah,” although He is Allah, the One, the Unique, the Self-Sufficient Master, who has no partner, peer, or equal. “Say” to them, if they are truthful: “Name them!” so that their true nature may be known. “Or are you informing Him of something on earth that He does not know?” For if He knows the unseen and the seen, yet knows of no partner belonging to Him, this establishes the falsity of the claim that He has a partner. You are like one who seeks to teach Allah that He has a partner of whom He is unaware. Nothing could be more patently false. Hence He says: “Or is it merely a show of words?” That is, the most that can be said of your claim that He Most High has a partner is that it consists merely of words you utter.

In reality, there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and no created being deserves any share of worship. Rather, “their scheming has been made appealing to those who disbelieve”—their reprehensible scheming, namely their disbelief, polytheism, and denial of Allah’s signs—“and they have been barred from the path,” meaning the straight path that leads to Allah and to the abode of His honor. “Whoever Allah leads astray has no guide,” for no one else has any share in directing affairs.

“For them is punishment in the life of this world, but the punishment of the Hereafter is surely more severe” than the punishment of this world because of its intensity and permanence. “And they will have no one to protect them from Allah,” shielding them from Allah’s punishment. When He directs His punishment against them, no one can repel it.

يقول تعالى لرسوله -مثبتا له ومسليا- ﴿وَلَقَدِ اسْتُهْزِئَ بِرُسُلٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ﴾ فلست أول رسول كذب وأوذي ﴿فَأَمْلَيْتُ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ برسلهم أي: أمهلتهم مدة حتى ظنوا أنهم غير معذبين. ﴿ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُمْ﴾ بأنواع العذاب ﴿فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عِقَابِ﴾ كان عقابا شديدا وعذابا أليما، فلا يغتر هؤلاء الذين كذبوك واستهزؤوا بك بإمهالنا، فلهم أسوة فيمن قبلهم من الأمم، فليحذروا أن يفعل بهم كما فعل بأولئك. ⦗٤١٩⦘ ﴿٣٣ - ٣٤﴾ ﴿أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ أَمْ تُنَبِّئُونَهُ بِمَا لا يَعْلَمُ فِي الأرْضِ أَمْ بِظَاهِرٍ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ بَلْ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مَكْرُهُمْ وَصُدُّوا عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ * لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَلَعَذَابُ الآخِرَةِ أَشَقُّ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَاقٍ﴾ . يقول تعالى: ﴿أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ﴾ بالجزاء العاجل والآجل، بالعدل والقسط، وهو الله ﵎ كمن ليس كذلك؟ ولهذا قال: ﴿وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ﴾ وهو الله الأحد الفرد الصمد، الذي لا شريك له ولا ند ولا نظير، ﴿قُلْ﴾ لهم إن كانوا صادقين: ﴿سَمُّوهُمْ﴾ لتعلم حالهم ﴿أَمْ تُنَبِّئُونَهُ بِمَا لا يَعْلَمُ فِي الأرْضِ﴾ فإنه إذا كان عالم الغيب والشهادة وهو لا يعلم له شريكا، علم بذلك بطلان دعوى الشريك له، وأنكم بمنزلة الذي يُعَلِّمُ الله أن له شريكا وهو لا يعلمه، وهذا أبطل ما يكون؛ ولهذا قال: ﴿أَمْ بِظَاهِرٍ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ﴾ أي: غاية ما يمكن من دعوى الشريك له تعالى أنه بظاهر أقوالكم. وأما في الحقيقة، فلا إله إلا الله، وليس أحد من الخلق يستحق شيئا من العبادة، ولكن ﴿زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مَكْرُهُمْ﴾ الذي مكروه وهو كفرهم وشركهم، وتكذيبهم لآيات الله ﴿وَصُدُّوا عَنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ أي: عن الطريق المستقيمة الموصلة إلى الله وإلى دار كرامته، ﴿وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ﴾ لأنه ليس لأحد من الأمر شيء. ﴿لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَلَعَذَابُ الآخِرَةِ أَشَقُّ﴾ من عذاب الدنيا لشدته ودوامه، ﴿وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَاقٍ﴾ يقيهم من عذاب الله، فعذابه إذا وجهه إليهم لا مانع منه.