Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (319)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(30) “And remember when those who disbelieved plotted against you to imprison you, kill you, or expel you. They plotted, and Allah planned; and Allah is the best of planners.”

That is: And remember, O Messenger, what Allah bestowed (1) upon you, “when those who disbelieved plotted against you”—when the polytheists met in council at Dār al-Nadwa to decide what they should do with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. They considered detaining and securely confining him among them; killing him so that—as they claimed—they might be rid of his evil; or expelling and banishing him from their homeland.

Each of them put forward the course of action he deemed best. They ultimately agreed upon the proposal of their most wicked man, Abu Jahl—may Allah curse him: they would select a young man from every clan of Quraysh, give each one a sharp sword, and have them all kill him as one man. Responsibility for his blood would thereby be divided among the clans, and the Banū Hāshim would [then] accept his blood money, since they would be unable to fight all the rest (2) of Quraysh. They therefore lay in wait for the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, at night, intending to set upon him when he rose from his bed.

Revelation then came to him from heaven. He went out before them, scattered dust over their heads, and departed, while Allah blinded their eyes to him. When they felt that he had taken too long, someone came to them and said, “May Allah frustrate you! Muhammad has already left and scattered dust over your heads.”

Each of them brushed the dust from his head. Allah protected His Messenger from them and permitted him to migrate to Medina. He migrated there, and Allah strengthened him through his Companions—the Emigrants and the Helpers. His cause continued to rise until he entered Mecca by force and subdued its people. They submitted to him and came under his rule, after he had departed ⦗320⦘ in secrecy, fearing for his life.

Glory be to the One who is ever gentle with His servant and whom no adversary can overcome.

(1) Both manuscripts read: mā manna Allāhu bika alayka (“what Allah bestowed through you upon you”). (2) Manuscript B reads: jamīʿ (“all”).

﴿٣٠﴾ ﴿وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ﴾ . أي: ﴿و﴾ أذكر أيها الرسول، ما منَّ الله به (١) عليك. ﴿إِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ حين تشاور المشركون في دار الندوة فيما يصنعون بالنبي ﷺ، إما أن يثبتوه عندهم بالحبس ويوثقوه. وإما أن يقتلوه فيستريحوا - بزعمهم - من شره. وإما أن يخرجوه ويجلوه من ديارهم. فكلُّ أبدى من هذه الآراء رأيا رآه، فاتفق رأيهم على رأي: رآه شريرهم أبو جهل لعنه الله، وهو أن يأخذوا من كل قبيلة من قبائل قريش فتى ويعطوه سيفا صارما، ويقتله الجميع قتلة رجل واحد، ليتفرق دمه في القبائل. فيرضى بنو هاشم [ثَمَّ] بديته، فلا يقدرون على مقاومة سائر (٢) قريش، فترصدوا للنبي ﷺ في الليل ليوقعوا به إذا قام من فراشه. فجاءه الوحي من السماء، وخرج عليهم، فذرَّ على رءوسهم التراب وخرج، وأعمى الله أبصارهم عنه، حتى إذا استبطؤوه جاءهم آت وقال: خيبكم الله، قد خرج محمد وذَرَّ على رءوسكم التراب. فنفض كل منهم التراب عن رأسه، ومنع الله رسوله منهم، وأذن له في الهجرة إلى المدينة، فهاجر إليها، وأيده الله بأصحابه المهاجرين والأنصار، ولم يزل أمره يعلو حتى دخل مكة عنوة، وقهر أهلها، فأذعنوا له وصاروا تحت حكمه، بعد أن خرج ⦗٣٢٠⦘ مستخفيا منهم، خائفا على نفسه. فسبحان اللطيف بعبده الذي لا يغالبه مغالب.

(١) في النسختين: ما من الله بك عليك. (٢) في ب: جميع.