Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (282)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(159–160) “Indeed, those who divided their religion and became sects—you have nothing whatsoever to do with them. Their affair rests only with Allah; then He will inform them of what they used to do. Whoever comes with a good deed will receive ten times its like, and whoever comes with an evil deed will be recompensed only with its equivalent, and they will not be wronged.”

Allah Most High warns those who divided their religion—that is, fragmented it and split into factions concerning it. Each faction adopted for itself a particular label that does not benefit a person in his religion at all, such as Judaism, Christianity, or Zoroastrianism; or it adopted something by which faith cannot be perfected, taking one part of the revealed law as its religion while abandoning an equivalent part or one even more deserving of observance. Such is the condition of the divisive people of religious innovation and misguidance, and of those who split the Muslim community.

This noble verse indicates that religion enjoins unity and harmony, and forbids division and disagreement among its adherents and in all its matters, both fundamental and subsidiary.

Allah commanded him to disavow those who divided their religion, saying: “You have nothing whatsoever to do with them.” That is, you are not one of them, nor are they of you, because they opposed and defied you. “Their affair rests only with Allah”: they will be returned to Him, and He will recompense them for their deeds. “Then He will inform them of what they used to do.”

He then described the nature of the recompense, saying: “Whoever comes with a good deed”—whether in word or action, outward or inward, and whether relating to the rights of Allah or the rights of His creation—“will receive ten times its like.” This is the least degree by which a good deed is multiplied.

“And whoever comes with an evil deed will be recompensed only with its equivalent.” This is part of the perfection of His justice and beneficence: He does not wrong anyone even by the weight of an atom. Hence He says, “And they will not be wronged.”

﴿١٥٩، ١٦٠﴾ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا لَسْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ إِنَّمَا أَمْرُهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ * مَنْ جَاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثَالِهَا وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ فَلا يُجْزَى إِلا مِثْلَهَا وَهُمْ لا يُظْلَمُونَ﴾ . يتوعد تعالى الذين فرقوا دينهم، أي: شتتوه وتفرقوا فيه، وكلٌّ أخذ لنفسه نصيبا من الأسماء التي لا تفيد الإنسان في دينه شيئا، كاليهودية والنصرانية والمجوسية. أو لا يكمل بها إيمانه، بأن يأخذ من الشريعة شيئا ويجعله دينه، ويدع مثله، أو ما هو أولى منه، كما هو حال أهل الفرقة من أهل البدع والضلال والمفرقين للأمة. ودلت الآية الكريمة أن الدين يأمر بالاجتماع والائتلاف، وينهى عن التفرق والاختلاف في أهل الدين، وفي سائر مسائله الأصولية والفروعية. وأمره أن يتبرأ ممن فرقوا دينهم فقال: ﴿لَسْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ﴾ أي لست منهم وليسوا منك، لأنهم خالفوك وعاندوك. ﴿إِنَّمَا أَمْرُهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ يردون إليه فيجازيهم بأعمالهم ﴿ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ﴾ . ثم ذكر صفة الجزاء فقال: ﴿مَنْ جَاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ﴾ القولية والفعلية، الظاهرة والباطنة، المتعلقة بحق الله أو حق خلقه ﴿فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثَالِهَا﴾ هذا أقل ما يكون من التضعيف. ﴿وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ فَلا يُجْزَى إِلا مِثْلَهَا﴾ وهذا من تمام عدله تعالى وإحسانه، وأنه لا يظلم مثقال ذرة، ولهذا قال: ﴿وَهُمْ لا يُظْلَمُونَ﴾ .