Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (215)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(166) “But Allah bears witness to what He has sent down to you. He sent it down with His knowledge; and the angels also bear witness. And Allah is sufficient as a Witness.”

After mentioning that Allah revealed to His Messenger Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) just as He revealed to his fellow messengers, Allah here bears witness to his messengership and to the truth of what he brought. His words, “He sent it down with His knowledge,” may mean that He sent it down containing knowledge from Him—that is, it contains divine knowledge, rulings of the Law, and reports of the unseen, all drawn from the knowledge of Allah Most High that He imparted to His servants.

It may also mean that He sent it down proceeding from His knowledge. This points to and draws attention to the manner in which He bears witness. The meaning is that Allah Most High sent down this Quran, which contains commands and prohibitions, knowing all of this and knowing the condition of the one to whom He sent it down and that he called people to it. Whoever responded to him and believed him became his ally, while whoever denied and opposed him became his enemy, whose property and blood he deemed lawful. Yet Allah Most High established him firmly, continued to grant him victory, answered his prayers, forsook his enemies, and granted victory to his allies. Can any testimony be greater or more momentous than this?

This testimony cannot be challenged without first challenging Allah’s knowledge, power, and wisdom, as well as His declaration that the angels bear witness to what He sent down to His Messenger, on account of their perfect faith and the momentousness of that to which they bear witness.

Only the most distinguished are called to testify concerning momentous matters. Allah Most High likewise says regarding the testimony to monotheism: “Allah bears witness that there is no deity except Him, as do the angels and those endowed with knowledge. He upholds justice. There is no deity except Him, the Almighty, the All-Wise.” And Allah is sufficient as a Witness.

﴿١٦٦﴾ ﴿لَكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكَ أَنْزَلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا﴾ . لما ذكر أن الله أوحى إلى رسوله محمد ﷺ كما أوحى إلى إخوانه من المرسلين، أخبر هنا بشهادته تعالى على رسالته وصحة ما جاء به، وأنه ﴿أَنزلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ﴾ يحتمل أن يكون المراد أنزله مشتملا على علمه، أي: فيه من العلوم الإلهية والأحكام الشرعية والأخبار الغيبية ما هو من علم الله تعالى الذي علم به عباده. ويحتمل أن يكون المراد: أنزله صادرا عن علمه، ويكون في ذلك إشارة وتنبيه على وجه شهادته، وأن المعنى: إذا كان تعالى أنزل هذا القرآن المشتمل على الأوامر والنواهي، وهو يعلم ذلك ويعلم حالة الذي أنزله عليه، وأنه دعا الناس إليه، فمن أجابه وصدقه كان وليه، ومن كذبه وعاداه كان عدوه واستباح ماله ودمه، والله تعالى يمكنه ويوالي نصره ويجيب دعواته، ويخذل أعداءه وينصر أولياءه، فهل توجد شهادة أعظم من هذه الشهادة وأكبر؟ " ولا يمكن القدح في هذه الشهادة إلا بعد القدح بعلم الله وقدرته وحكمته وإخباره تعالى بشهادة الملائكة على ما أنزل على رسوله، لكمال إيمانهم ولجلالة هذا المشهود عليه. فإن الأمور العظيمة لا يستشهد عليها إلا الخواص، كما قال تعالى في الشهادة على التوحيد: ﴿شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ قَائِمًا بِالْقِسْطِ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ وكفى بالله شهيدا.