Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (149)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

Then Allah Most High said:

(137–138) “Many precedents have passed before you. So travel through the land and see what was the fate of the deniers. This is a clear exposition for all people, and guidance and admonition for those who are mindful of Allah.”

Through these noble verses and those that follow concerning the Battle of Uhud, Allah Most High consoles and comforts His believing servants. He informs them that many generations and nations passed before them. They were tried, and the believers among them were tested by having to fight the disbelievers. The fortunes of war continued to shift as the two sides fought back and forth, until Allah granted the ultimate good outcome to those mindful of Him and victory to His believing servants. Ultimately, the deniers were overcome, and Allah forsook them by granting victory to His messengers and their followers.

“Travel through the land,” with both your bodies and your hearts, “and see what was the fate of the deniers.” You will find them subjected to all manner of worldly punishments: their dwellings lie desolate, their loss has become evident to everyone, their might and dominion have vanished, and their pomp and pride have disappeared. Is this not the greatest proof and strongest testimony to the truth of what the messengers brought and to Allah’s wisdom in testing His servants, so that He might try them and make clear who among them is truthful and who is false? Hence Allah Most High says:

“This is a clear exposition for all people”—that is, a manifest indication that makes truth distinct from falsehood and the people of happiness distinct from the people of wretchedness. Here, “this” refers to what Allah inflicted upon the deniers.

“And guidance and admonition for those who are mindful of Allah,” because they are the ones who benefit from the signs. The signs guide them to the path of right conduct, admonish them, and deter them from the path of error. For everyone else, they remain an exposition by which Allah’s proof is established against them, so that whoever perishes does so upon clear evidence.

It is also possible that “this” in the words, “This is a clear exposition for all people,” refers to the glorious Quran, the Wise Reminder: it is an exposition for all people in general, and guidance and admonition for those mindful of Allah in particular. Both meanings are true.

ثم قال تعالى: ﴿١٣٧ - ١٣٨﴾ ﴿قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ سُنَنٌ فَسِيرُوا فِي الأرْضِ فَانْظُروا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ * هَذَا بَيَانٌ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدًى وَمَوْعِظَةٌ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ﴾ . وهذه الآيات الكريمات، وما بعدها في قصة "أحد" يعزي تعالى عباده المؤمنين ويسليهم، ويخبرهم أنه مضى قبلهم أجيال وأمم كثيرة، امتحنوا، وابتلي المؤمنون منهم بقتال الكافرين، فلم يزالوا في مداولة ومجاولة، حتى جعل الله العاقبة للمتقين، والنصر لعباده المؤمنين، وآخر الأمر حصلت الدولة على المكذبين، وخذلهم الله بنصر رسله وأتباعهم. ﴿فسيروا في الأرض﴾ بأبدانكم وقلوبكم ﴿فانظروا كيف كان عاقبة المكذبين﴾ فإنكم لا تجدونهم إلا معذبين بأنواع العقوبات الدنيوية، قد خوت ديارهم، وتبين لكل أحد خسارهم، وذهب عزهم وملكهم، وزال بذخهم وفخرهم، أفليس في هذا أعظم دليل، وأكبر شاهد على صدق ما جاءت به الرسل؟ " وحكمة الله التي يمتحن بها عباده، ليبلوهم ويتبين صادقهم من كاذبهم، ولهذا قال تعالى: ﴿هذا بيان للناس﴾ أي: دلالة ظاهرة، تبين للناس الحق من الباطل، وأهل السعادة من أهل الشقاوة، وهو الإشارة إلى ما أوقع الله بالمكذبين. ﴿وهدى وموعظة للمتقين﴾ لأنهم هم المنتفعون بالآيات فتهديهم إلى سبيل الرشاد، وتعظهم وتزجرهم عن طريق الغي، وأما باقي الناس فهي بيان لهم، تقوم [به] عليهم الحجة من الله، ليهلك من هلك عن بينة. ويحتمل أن الإشارة في قوله: ﴿هذا بيان للناس﴾ للقرآن العظيم، والذكر الحكيم، وأنه بيان للناس عموما، وهدى وموعظة للمتقين خصوصا، وكلا المعنيين حق.