Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (910)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(34–41) “When the Greatest Overwhelming Calamity comes—the Day when each person will remember what he strove for, and Hellfire is exposed for all to see—then as for one who transgressed and preferred the life of this world, Hellfire will indeed be his abode. But as for one who feared his Lord’s standing over him and restrained the soul from its desires, Paradise will indeed be his abode.”

That is, when the great Resurrection and the greatest distress come—a distress beside which every other hardship will seem slight—then a parent will be oblivious to his child, a companion to his companion, [and every lover to his beloved]. “Each person will remember what he strove for” in this world, whether good or evil. He will wish that even an atom’s weight had been added to his good deeds, and he will be distressed and grieved that even an atom’s weight had been added to his evil deeds.

He will then know that the basis of his gain or loss is what he strove for in this world, and every bond and connection that existed in this world will be severed except for deeds.

“And Hellfire is exposed for all to see”; that is, it will be brought out into the open, visible to everyone. It will have emerged (1) before its people, ready to seize them and awaiting its Lord’s command.

“Then as for one who transgressed”—that is, exceeded the bounds by daring to commit grave sins and failing to remain within the limits set by Allah—

“and preferred the life of this world” over the Hereafter, directing all his efforts toward it and spending all his time engrossed in its pleasures and desires, while forgetting the Hereafter and neglecting to work for it, “Hellfire will indeed be [his] abode”; that is, the dwelling and residence of anyone in such a state.

“But as for one who feared his Lord’s standing over him”—that is, feared His watch over him and His just recompense—this fear affected his heart, so he restrained his soul from its desires, which held it back (2) from obeying Allah. His desires became subservient to what the Messenger brought, and he strove against the whims and passions that bar one from goodness. “Paradise”—[which contains every good, joy, and delight]—“will indeed be the abode” of anyone with this description.

(1) In B: “It was prepared.” (2) In B: “which bars it.”

﴿٣٤ - ٤١﴾ ﴿فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الطَّامَّةُ الْكُبْرَى * يَوْمَ يَتَذَكَّرُ الإنْسَانُ مَا سَعَى * وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِمَنْ يَرَى * فَأَمَّا مَنْ طَغَى * وَآثَرَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا * فَإِنَّ الْجَحِيمَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَى * وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ وَنَهَى النَّفْسَ عَنِ الْهَوَى * فَإِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَى﴾ أي: إذا جاءت القيامة الكبرى، والشدة العظمى، التي يهون عندها كل شدة، فحينئذ يذهل الوالد عن ولده، والصاحب عن صاحبه [وكل محب عن حبيبه] . و ﴿يَتَذَكَّرُ الإنْسَانُ مَا سَعَى﴾ في الدنيا، من خير وشر، فيتمنى زيادة مثقال ذرة في حسناته، ويغمه ويحزن لزيادة مثقال ذرة في سيئاته. ويعلم إذ ذاك أن مادة ربحه وخسرانه ما سعاه في الدنيا، وينقطع كل سبب ووصلة كانت في الدنيا سوى الأعمال. ﴿وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِمَنْ يَرَى﴾ أي: جعلت في البراز، ظاهرة لكل أحد، قد برزت (١) لأهلها، واستعدت لأخذهم، منتظرة لأمر ربها. ﴿فَأَمَّا مَنْ طَغَى﴾ أي: جاوز الحد، بأن تجرأ على المعاصي الكبار، ولم يقتصر على ما حده الله. ﴿وَآثَرَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا﴾ على الآخرة فصار سعيه لها، ووقته مستغرقا في حظوظها وشهواتها، ونسي الآخرة وترك العمل لها. ﴿فَإِنَّ الْجَحِيمَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَى﴾ [له] أي: المقر والمسكن لمن هذه حاله، ﴿وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ﴾ أي: خاف القيام عليه ومجازاته بالعدل، فأثر هذا الخوف في قلبه فنهى نفسه عن هواها الذي يقيدها (٢) عن طاعة الله، وصار هواه تبعا لما جاء به الرسول، وجاهد الهوى والشهوة الصادين عن الخير، ﴿فَإِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ﴾ [المشتملة على كل خير وسرور ونعيم] ﴿هِيَ الْمَأْوَى﴾ لمن هذا وصفه.

(١) في ب: هيئت. (٢) في ب: الذي يصدها.