Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (907)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

Allah granted them this abundant reward solely [out of His grace and beneficence]. It is “a recompense from your Lord” for them, “a gift in full measure”—that is, on account of the deeds to which Allah guided them and which He made the price of His Paradise and its bliss (1).

⦗908⦘

(37–40) “The Lord of the heavens and earth and all that lies between them—the Most Compassionate. No one will have the power to address Him. * On the Day when the Spirit and the angels stand in rows, none will speak except one whom the Most Compassionate permits and who speaks rightly. * That is the Day of Truth. So whoever wills, let him take a path of return to his Lord. * Indeed, We have warned you of an imminent punishment, on the Day when everyone will see what his own hands have sent forth, and the disbeliever will say, ‘If only I were dust!’”

That is, the One who granted them these gifts is their Lord, “the Lord of the heavens and earth,” who created and governs them; “the Most Compassionate,” whose mercy encompasses all things. He nurtured them, showed them mercy, and treated them with kindness until they attained what they attained.

He then mentions His greatness and His tremendous sovereignty on the Day of Resurrection. On that Day, all created beings will remain silent: they will neither speak nor “have the power to address Him,” except those whom the Most Compassionate permits and who speak rightly. No one will therefore speak unless two conditions are met: Allah permits him to speak, and what he says is right. For “that Day” is “the Day of Truth,” when falsehood cannot pass for truth and lying is of no avail. On that Day, “the Spirit will stand”—meaning Gabriel, peace be upon him, the noblest of the angels (2)—“and the angels” [all of them also stand] “in rows,” humbly before Allah. “None will speak” except as Allah permits them (3).

Having thus inspired hope and fear and given glad tidings and warning, He says: “So whoever wills, let him take a path of return to his Lord”—that is, through deeds and a worthy record of good sent ahead, to which he may return on the Day of Resurrection.

“Indeed, We have warned you of an imminent punishment,” for it has drawn near and is approaching, and everything that is coming is near.

“On the Day when everyone will see what his own hands have sent forth”—that is what will concern him and what he will turn to, so let him examine it now in this world (4). Allah Most High similarly says: “O you who believe, be mindful of Allah, and let every soul consider what it has sent forth for tomorrow. And be mindful of Allah; indeed, Allah is All-Aware of what you do,” and the verses that follow.

If he finds good, let him praise Allah; if he finds otherwise, let him blame none but himself. For this reason, the disbelievers will wish for death because of their intense anguish and regret.

We ask Allah to protect us from disbelief and every evil. He is Bountiful and Generous.

This completes the commentary on Surah Amma. All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the worlds.

Commentary on Surah al-Nāziāt

It is Meccan.

(1) In B: “and made them a means of attaining His honor.” (2) In B: “the best of the angels.” (3) In B: “except with His permission.” (4) So let him consider, in this abode, what he has sent ahead for the Abode of Permanence.

وإنما أعطاهم الله هذا الثواب الجزيل [من فضله وإحسانه] . ﴿جَزَاءً مِنْ رَبِّكَ﴾ لهم ﴿عَطَاءً حِسَابًا﴾ أي: بسبب أعمالهم التي وفقهم الله لها، وجعلها ثمنا لجنته ونعيمها (١) . ⦗٩٠٨⦘ ﴿٣٧ - ٤٠﴾ ﴿رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا الرَّحْمَنِ لا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْهُ خِطَابًا * يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ صَفًّا لا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا * ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ الْحَقُّ فَمَنْ شَاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ مَآبًا * إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا﴾ . أي: الذي أعطاهم هذه العطايا هو ربهم ﴿رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ﴾ الذي خلقها ودبرها ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ﴾ الذي رحمته وسعت كل شيء، فرباهم ورحمهم، ولطف بهم، حتى أدركوا ما أدركوا. ثم ذكر عظمته وملكه العظيم يوم القيامة، وأن جميع الخلق كلهم ذلك اليوم ساكتون لا يتكلمون و ﴿لا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْهُ خِطَابًا﴾ إلا من أذن له الرحمن وقال صوابا، فلا يتكلم أحد إلا بهذين الشرطين: أن يأذن الله له في الكلام، وأن يكون ما تكلم به صوابا، لأن ﴿ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ﴾ هو ﴿الْحَقُّ﴾ الذي لا يروج فيه الباطل، ولا ينفع فيه الكذب، وفي ذلك اليوم ﴿يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ﴾ وهو جبريل ﵇، الذي هو أشرف الملائكة (٢) ﴿وَالْمَلائِكَةُ﴾ [أيضا يقوم الجميع] ﴿صَفًّا﴾ خاضعين لله ﴿لا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ﴾ إلا بما أذن لهم الله به (٣) . فلما رغب ورهب، وبشر وأنذر، قال: ﴿فَمَنْ شَاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ مَآبًا﴾ أي: عملا وقدم صدق يرجع إليه يوم القيامة. ﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا﴾ لأنه قد أزف مقبلا وكل ما هو آت فهو قريب. ﴿يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ﴾ أي: هذا الذي يهمه ويفزع إليه، فلينظر في هذه الدنيا إليه (٤) ، كما قال تعالى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْتَنْظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ الآيات. فإن وجد خيرا فليحمد الله، وإن وجد غير ذلك فلا يلومن إلا نفسه، ولهذا كان الكفار يتمنون الموت من شدة الحسرة والندم. نسأل الله أن يعافينا من الكفر والشر كله، إنه جواد كريم. تم تفسير سورة عم، والحمد لله رب العالمين تفسير سورة النازعات وهي مكية

(١) في ب: وجعلها سببا للوصول إلى كرامته. (٢) في ب: أفضل الملائكة. (٣) في ب: إلا بإذنه. (٤) فلينظر في هذه الدار ما قدم لدار القرار.