Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (865)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(7–8) “They are the ones who say, ‘Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disperse.’ Yet to Allah belong the treasuries of the heavens and earth, but the hypocrites do not comprehend. * They say, ‘If we return to Medina, the mighty will surely expel the lowly from it.’ Yet honor belongs to Allah, to His Messenger, and to the believers, but the hypocrites do not know.”

This arose from their intense hostility toward the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims. When they saw his Companions united and harmonious, hastening to please the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), they made the false claim:

“Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disperse.”

They alleged that, were it not for the hypocrites’ wealth and their spending on them, they would never have united to support Allah’s religion. It is truly astonishing that these hypocrites—who were more eager than anyone to undermine the religion and harm the Muslims—should make a claim that could convince only someone ignorant of the realities of affairs. (1) Allah therefore refuted their words by saying, “Yet to Allah belong the treasuries of the heavens and earth.” He grants provision to whomever He wills and withholds it from whomever He wills; He facilitates the means for whomever He wills and makes them difficult for whomever He wills. “But the hypocrites do not comprehend.” This is why they made that assertion, which implied that the treasuries of provision were in their hands and subject to their will.

“They say, ‘If we return to Medina, the mighty will surely expel the lowly from it.’” This occurred during the Battle of al-Muraysīʿ, when an exchange between some of the Emigrants and the Helpers caused ill feeling. The hypocrisy of the hypocrites then came to light, and they revealed what lay within themselves. (2)

Their leader, Abd Allah ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl, said, “The case of us and these men”—meaning the Emigrants—“is just as the saying goes: ‘Feed your dog and it will eat you.’” (3)

He also said, “If we return to Medina, ‘the mighty will surely expel the lowly from it,’” claiming that he and his fellow hypocrites were the mighty, while the Messenger of Allah and those with him (4) were the lowly. The reality was the very opposite of what this hypocrite said. That is why Allah [Most High] said, “Yet honor belongs to Allah, to His Messenger, and to the believers.” They are the honored, whereas the hypocrites and their disbelieving brethren [are] the lowly. “But the hypocrites do not know” [that]; hence, deceived by the falsehood they followed, they claimed that they were the mighty. Then the Most High said:

(1) In B: “of the realities.” (2) In B: “and they revealed what was in their hearts.” (3) In B: “Fatten your dog.” (4) In B: “and whoever followed him.”

﴿٧-٨﴾ ﴿هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا وَلِلَّهِ خَزَائِنُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ وَلَكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لا يَفْقَهُونَ * يَقُولُونَ لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ . وهذا من شدة عداوتهم للنبي ﷺ، والمسلمين، لما رأوا اجتماع أصحابه وائتلافهم، ومسارعتهم في مرضاة الرسول ﷺ، قالوا بزعمهم الفاسد: ﴿لا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا﴾ فإنهم - بزعمهم - لولا أموال المنافقين ونفقاتهم عليهم، لما اجتمعوا في نصرة دين الله، وهذا من أعجب العجب، أن يدعى هؤلاء المنافقون الذين هم أحرص الناس على خذلان الدين، وأذية المسلمين، مثل هذه الدعوى، التي لا تروج إلا على من لا علم له بحقائق الأمور (١) ولهذا قال الله ردًا لقولهم: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ خَزَائِنُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ﴾ فيؤتي الرزق من يشاء، ويمنعه من يشاء، وييسر الأسباب لمن يشاء، ويعسرها على من يشاء، ﴿وَلَكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ فلذلك قالوا تلك المقالة، التي مضمونها أن خزائن الرزق في أيديهم، وتحت مشيئتهم. ﴿يَقُولُونَ لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ﴾ وذلك في غزوة المريسيع، حين صار بين بعض المهاجرين والأنصار، بعض كلام كدر الخواطر، ظهر حينئذ نفاق المنافقين، وأظهروا ما في نفوسهم (٢) . وقال كبيرهم، عبد الله بن أبي بن سلول: ما مثلنا ومثل هؤلاء -يعني المهاجرين- إلا كما قال القائل: " غذ كلبك يأكلك " (٣) وقال: لئن رجعنا إلى المدينة ﴿لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنْهَا الأذَلَّ﴾ بزعمه أنه هو وإخوانه من المنافقين الأعزون، وأن رسول الله ومن معه (٤) هم الأذلون، والأمر بعكس ما قال هذا المنافق، فلهذا قال [تعالى:] ﴿وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ فهم الأعزاء، والمنافقون وإخوانهم من الكفار [هم] الأذلاء. ﴿وَلَكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [ذلك] فلذلك زعموا أنهم الأعزاء، اغترارًا بما هم عليه من الباطل، ثم قال تعالى:

(١) في ب: بالحقائق. (٢) في ب: وتبين ما في قلوبهم. (٣) في ب: سمن كلبك. (٤) في ب: ومن اتبعه.