Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (115)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(269) “He grants wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever is granted wisdom has certainly been granted abundant good. Yet none take heed except people of understanding.”

When Allah Most High gave these momentous commands, which contain profound meanings and wisdom, it was clear that not everyone would attain this, but only those upon whom He bestows His favor and whom He grants wisdom. Wisdom consists of beneficial knowledge, righteous deeds, and understanding the profound meanings and wisdom of the divine laws. Whoever Allah grants wisdom has indeed been granted abundant good. What good could be greater than that which brings happiness in both worlds and deliverance from misery in both? It also entails being distinguished by this favor and becoming one of the inheritors of the prophets.

A servant’s perfection therefore depends upon wisdom, for he becomes perfect only when his capacities for knowledge and action are both perfected. His capacity for knowledge is perfected by knowing the truth and understanding its purpose, while his capacity for action is perfected by doing good and forsaking evil. He is thereby enabled to speak and act correctly and to put matters in their proper place, both with respect to himself and to others. Without this, he cannot do so.

Since Allah Most High created His servants with an innate disposition to worship Him, love goodness, and seek the truth, He sent the messengers to remind them of what He had instilled in their natural dispositions and intellects and to explain fully what they did not know. People were consequently divided into two groups. One group answered their call, took heed of what benefited them and acted upon it, and recognized what harmed them and abandoned it. These are the people of fully developed understanding and sound intellects. The other group did not answer their call; instead, they responded to the corruption that had afflicted their natural dispositions and forsook obedience to the Lord of all servants. Such people are not among those of understanding. Thus Allah Most High says: “Yet none take heed except people of understanding.”

﴿٢٦٩﴾ ﴿يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلا أُولُو الألْبَابِ﴾ . لما أمر تعالى بهذه الأوامر العظيمة المشتملة على الأسرار والحكم وكان ذلك لا يحصل لكل أحد، بل لمن منَّ عليه وآتاه الله الحكمة، وهي العلم النافع والعمل الصالح ومعرفة أسرار الشرائع وحكمها، وإن من آتاه الله الحكمة فقد آتاه خيرا كثيرا وأي خير أعظم من خير فيه سعادة الدارين والنجاة من شقاوتهما! وفيه التخصيص بهذا الفضل وكونه من ورثة الأنبياء، فكمال العبد متوقف على الحكمة، إذ كماله بتكميل قوتيه العلمية والعملية فتكميل قوته العلمية بمعرفة الحق ومعرفة المقصود به، وتكميل قوته العملية بالعمل بالخير وترك الشر، وبذلك يتمكن من الإصابة بالقول والعمل وتنزيل الأمور منازلها في نفسه وفي غيره، وبدون ذلك لا يمكنه ذلك، ولما كان الله تعالى قد فطر عباده على عبادته ومحبة الخير والقصد للحق، فبعث الله الرسل مذكرين لهم بما ركز في فطرهم وعقولهم، ومفصلين لهم ما لم يعرفوه، انقسم الناس قسمين قسم أجابوا دعوتهم فتذكروا ما ينفعهم ففعلوه، وما يضرهم فتركوه، وهؤلاء هم أولو الألباب الكاملة، والعقول التامة، وقسم لم يستجيبوا لدعوتهم، بل أجابوا ما عرض لفطرهم من الفساد، وتركوا طاعة رب العباد، فهؤلاء ليسوا من أولي الألباب، فلهذا قال تعالى: ﴿وما يذكر إلا أولو الألباب﴾ .