Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (762)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

“And thus We revealed to you a spirit from Our command. You did not know what the Book was, nor faith, but We made it a light by which We guide whomever We will of Our servants. And indeed, you guide to a straight path * the path of Allah, to whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Surely, to Allah all matters return.”

“Likewise”—just as We revealed to the messengers before you—“We revealed to you a spirit from Our command.” This is the Noble Quran. He called it a spirit because the body lives through the spirit, while hearts and souls are brought to life through the Quran, as are the interests of this world and the religion, on account of the abundant good and vast knowledge it contains.

It is purely a favor from Allah to His Messenger and His believing servants, without any cause originating from them. Hence He said, “You did not know”—that is, before it was revealed to you—“what the Book was, nor faith.” In other words, you had no knowledge of the accounts contained in the previous scriptures, nor of faith in and adherence to the divine laws. Rather, you were unlettered, neither writing nor reading. Then this Book came to you, which “We made a light by which We guide whomever We will of Our servants.” By it, they find illumination amid the darkness of disbelief, religious innovations, and ruinous desires; through it they recognize the realities and are guided to the straight path.

“And indeed, you guide to a straight path”—that is, you explain it to them, make it clear and illuminate it; you encourage them to follow it, forbid them from its opposite, and warn them against that. He then explained the straight path, saying: “The path of Allah, to whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth.”

That is, the path Allah has established for His servants and informed them will lead to Him and to His abode of honor. “Surely, to Allah all matters return”—that is, all matters, good and evil, return to Him, and He will recompense everyone according to their deeds: if good, then good; and if evil, then evil.

The commentary on Surah al-Shūrā is complete. All praise belongs to Allah, at the beginning and the end, outwardly and inwardly, for granting ease and facilitation.

Commentary on Surah al-Zukhruf

Makkan

﴿وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنْتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتَابُ وَلا الإيمَانُ وَلَكِنْ جَعَلْنَاهُ نُورًا نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ * صِرَاطِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأرْضِ أَلا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الأمُورُ﴾ . ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ﴾ حين أوحينا إلى الرسل قبلك ﴿أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا﴾ وهو هذا القرآن الكريم، سماه روحا، لأن الروح يحيا به الجسد، والقرآن تحيا به القلوب والأرواح، وتحيا به مصالح الدنيا والدين، لما فيه من الخير الكثير والعلم الغزير. وهو محض منة الله على رسوله وعباده المؤمنين، من غير سبب منهم، ولهذا قال: ﴿مَا كُنْتَ تَدْرِي﴾ أي: قبل نزوله عليك ﴿مَا الْكِتَابُ وَلا الإيمَانُ﴾ أي: ليس عندك علم بأخبار الكتب السابقة، ولا إيمان وعمل بالشرائع الإلهية، بل كنت أميا لا تخط ولا تقرأ، فجاءك هذا الكتاب الذي ﴿جَعَلْنَاهُ نُورًا نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا﴾ يستضيئون به في ظلمات الكفر والبدع، والأهواء المردية، ويعرفون به الحقائق، ويهتدون به إلى الصراط المستقيم. ﴿وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ أي: تبينه لهم وتوضحه، وتنيره وترغبهم فيه، وتنهاهم عن ضده، وترهبهم منه، ثم فسر الصراط المستقيم فقال: ﴿صِرَاطِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأرْضِ﴾ أي: الصراط الذي نصبه الله لعباده، وأخبرهم أنه موصل إليه وإلى دار كرامته، ﴿أَلا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الأمُورُ﴾ أي: ترجع جميع أمور الخير والشر، فيجازي كُلا بحسب عمله، إن خيرا فخير، وإن شرا فشر. تم تفسير سورة الشورى، والحمد لله أولا وآخرا، وظاهرا وباطنا، على تيسيره وتسهيله. تفسير سورة الزخرف مكية