Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadiโ€™

(238โ€“239) โ€œMaintain the prayers, and the middle prayer in particular, and stand before Allah in devout obedience. If you are in fear, then pray on foot or while mounted. But when you are safe, remember Allah, as He taught you what you did not know.โ€

Allah commands that all the prayers be carefully observed, and the middle prayerโ€”the afternoon prayerโ€”in particular. Observing them means performing them at their prescribed times, fulfilling their conditions and pillars, with humility, and observing everything obligatory and recommended in them. By carefully observing the prayers, one is enabled to observe all other acts of worship, and they restrain one from immorality and wrongdoingโ€”especially when one performs them fully, as commanded in His words: โ€œand stand before Allah in devout obedienceโ€; that is, humbly and submissively. This contains a command to stand, to be devoutly obedient, and to show humility, as well as a prohibition against speaking. All of this applies in a state of safety and tranquility.

โ€œIf you are in fearโ€ (1): He did not specify what is feared, so that this would include fear of an unbeliever, an oppressor, a predatory animal, or any other danger. That is, if you fear that performing the prayer in the manner described would expose you to danger, then pray โ€œon footโ€โ€”walking on your feetโ€”โ€œor while mountedโ€ on horses, camels, or other mounts. This necessarily entails praying whether facing the qiblah or not. This further emphasizes the obligation to observe the prayer at its prescribed time, for He commands it even when many of its pillars and conditions cannot be fulfilled. It is impermissible to delay it beyond its prescribed time, even in such extreme circumstances. Performing it in this manner is better and more excellentโ€”indeed, more obligatoryโ€”than performing it in tranquility after its prescribed time.

โ€œBut when you are safeโ€โ€”that is, when the danger has passedโ€”โ€œremember Allah.โ€ This includes every form of remembrance, among them performing the prayer fully and completely. โ€œAs He taught you what you did not know.โ€ This is an immense blessing and a tremendous favor, requiring that it be met with remembrance and gratitude, so that He may preserve His blessing upon you and increase it.

Then Allah Most High said:

(1) The two manuscripts begin to diverge at this point. I discussed this in some detail in the introduction and included the commentary from manuscript B in an appendix at the end of the work.
๏ดฟูขูฃูจ - ูขูฃูฉ๏ดพ ๏ดฟุญูŽุงููุธููˆุง ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุตูŽู‘ู„ูŽูˆูŽุงุชู ูˆูŽุงู„ุตูŽู‘ู„ุงุฉู ุงู„ู’ูˆูุณู’ุทูŽู‰ ูˆูŽู‚ููˆู…ููˆุง ู„ูู„ูŽู‘ู‡ู ู‚ูŽุงู†ูุชููŠู†ูŽ * ููŽุฅูู†ู’ ุฎููู’ุชูู…ู’ ููŽุฑูุฌูŽุงู„ุง ุฃูŽูˆู’ ุฑููƒู’ุจูŽุงู†ู‹ุง ููŽุฅูุฐูŽุง ุฃูŽู…ูู†ู’ุชูู…ู’ ููŽุงุฐู’ูƒูุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŽู‘ู‡ูŽ ูƒูŽู…ูŽุง ุนูŽู„ูŽู‘ู…ูŽูƒูู…ู’ ู…ูŽุง ู„ูŽู…ู’ ุชูŽูƒููˆู†ููˆุง ุชูŽุนู’ู„ูŽู…ููˆู†ูŽ๏ดพ . ูŠุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู„ูˆุงุช ุนู…ูˆู…ู‹ุง ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุฏุงุคู‡ุง ุจูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ูˆุดุฑูˆุทู‡ุง ูˆุฃุฑูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆุฎุดูˆุนู‡ุง ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆุงุฌุจ ูˆู…ุณุชุญุจุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู„ูˆุงุช ุชุญุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุงุชุŒ ูˆุชููŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‡ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ูุญุดุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ูƒุฑ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ๏ดฟูˆูŽู‚ููˆู…ููˆุง ู„ูู„ูŽู‘ู‡ู ู‚ูŽุงู†ูุชููŠู†ูŽ๏ดพ ุฃูŠ: ุฐู„ูŠู„ูŠู† ุฎุงุดุนูŠู†ุŒ ูููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ูˆุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุช ูˆุงู„ู†ู‡ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุฎุดูˆุนุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ูˆุงู„ุทู…ุฃู†ูŠู†ุฉ. ๏ดฟููŽุฅูู†ู’ ุฎููู’ุชูู…ู’๏ดพ (ูก) ู„ู… ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุฎุงู ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎูˆู ู…ู† ูƒุงูุฑ ูˆุธุงู„ู… ูˆุณุจุนุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุงูˆูุŒ ุฃูŠ: ุฅู† ุฎูุชู… ุจุตู„ุงุชูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ูุตู„ูˆู‡ุง ๏ดฟุฑูุฌูŽุงู„ุง๏ดพ ุฃูŠ: ู…ุงุดูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู…ุŒ ๏ดฟุฃูŽูˆู’ ุฑููƒู’ุจูŽุงู†ู‹ุง๏ดพ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุฅุจู„ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูŠู„ุฒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุจู„ุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ุญูŠุซ ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅุฎู„ุงู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑูƒุงู† ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูˆุทุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฌูˆุฒ ุชุฃุฎูŠุฑู‡ุง ุนู† ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ูˆู„ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูุตู„ุงุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุญุณู† ูˆุฃูุถู„ ุจู„ ุฃูˆุฌุจ ู…ู† ุตู„ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุทู…ุฆู†ุง ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ๏ดฟููŽุฅูุฐูŽุง ุฃูŽู…ูู†ู’ุชูู…ู’๏ดพ ุฃูŠ: ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุฎูˆู ุนู†ูƒู… ๏ดฟููŽุงุฐู’ูƒูุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŽู‘ู‡ูŽ๏ดพ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดู…ู„ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆุชู…ุงู…ู‡ุง ๏ดฟูƒู…ุง ุนู„ู…ูƒู… ู…ุง ู„ู… ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†๏ดพ ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ู†ุนู…ุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุฉ ุฌุณูŠู…ุฉุŒ ุชู‚ุชุถูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ุดูƒุฑ ู„ูŠุจู‚ูŠ ู†ุนู…ุชู‡ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏูƒู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง. ุซู… ู‚ุงู„ ุชุนุงู„ู‰:
(ูก) ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุดุฑุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุซุจุช ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุจ ููŠ ู…ู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ.

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